Business Aims and Objectives and the Marketing Mix Essay Example

Business Aims and Objectives and the Marketing Mix Paper What defines an aim is a long term cooperate aim that an organization intends to achieve; it’s the overall purpose. For instance, a business may want to make additional income in comparison to the previous year. In addition to this corporate aim, a business might consider increasing their receipts by putting offers on specific products or advancing their promotion to inform their target audience and raise awareness and interest; this is considered to be the businesses objective. Objectives are considered to be targets which help support the corporate aim and intend to help the business meet their corporate aim in the long run; they’re the outcomes needed in order to achieve the corporate aim. Business’ produce aims and objectives for a number of reasons, which may range from survival to growth. A business objective is a detailed picture of a guide you plan to take in order to achieve a stated, long-term aim. A set of objectives for a smaller, newer business who desires to survive may be to create a regular customer base, gain a small share of a market, etc. in order to create additional profit/revenue that can be put into the capital to be used for advance the business. However for a bigger, existing organization this may be to provide a better service level in comparison to its competitors, to also gain a bigger market share, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Aims and Objectives and the Marketing Mix specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Aims and Objectives and the Marketing Mix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Aims and Objectives and the Marketing Mix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In relation to this, a new business will have only one essential short term strategic corporate aim which is to survive in the market. Additionally, the business will decide to generate objectives in order to meet its short term essential corporate aim. In addition to survival being the corporate aim, you might consider objectives such as generating profit or generating a positive net cash flow in order to produce receipts in the first few months. In order for this to occur, a business may consider the marketing activities of the business and inquire the marketing department to produce a cash flow graph or a break-even analysis to predict what will occur in the first month so that they’ll be prepared for the months to come and will be capable of preparing for them or even may help solve future problems. However, for a business that has been existent for an excessive duration and has been trading for an elongated period, they will have a more complicated, specific and varied long term strategic corporate aims and objectives that they’d desire to meet. This may be to develop further in terms of revenue and profit over time or through market share, promotion, etc. More specifically, they may consider corporate aims such as profit maximization, to eliminate competition, to expand and diversify. In relation to profit maximization as a corporate aim; objectives such as employing additional workers who’re willing to work for elongated hours may be taken into consideration. Whether you’re a new business or a business that has been existent for an excessive period of time, the objectives generated should be S.M.A.R.T objectives. Hence the acronym, your objectives should be specific, meaning that you’re stating exactly what your business is trying to achieve; they should be measureable, meaning that you’re capable of measuring what has been and what needs to be achieved; agreed, so that everyone’s approval has been taken into account and supports the objective; realistic, meaning that you’re taking into consideration the business’ resources, competition, etc.; and time specific, relationally meaning that your business should consider when these objectives should be achieved by. Additionally, key themes should also be taken into consideration when wanting to produce corporate aims and objectives. In Relation to the key themes, you should make sure that you’re using a well-structured procedure for making good decisions so that there are no situations along the way of meeting your overall corporate aim. Furthermore, a business should understand and determine the criteria for making decisions in uncertain times, the accountability for decisions made facing uncertainty, and the heuristics and biases when making decisions. In addition to this, the business may want to produce a cash flow graph in order to help predict the outcomes of the corporate aims made by the business. Corporate aims and objectives are considered to be beneficial as they’re helpful when a business is desired to survive, grow and make profit, which are the main aims that a business desires to exceed in. In relation to survival, regardless of the business’ status or dimension, survival will be considered whilst generating corporate aims and objectives because it’s the survival that maintains the business and needs to be taken into account at the early stages of trading, when the trading difficulty advances, and when there’s competitors who’re threats of taking over. Survival also allows the business to grow otherwise they may suffer a result in a loss of competitiveness. Additionally, when trading increases its difficulty, or when a competitor has more superior revenue, a business will consider generating aims and objectives in order to maintain their success.

Never share this information at work

Never share this information at work Networking is what gets you in the door, but building real relationships with coworkers is what keeps you there and earns you respect. And you can’t really connect to people- even colleagues- if you don’t open up and share every once in a while. But sometimes the bonding goes too far. When sharing becomes oversharing, you can erode any credibility you’ve built up in a workplace. Here are a few things smart and successful people make a rule of never  bringing up in the workplace.How much you hate your coworkersNo matter how terrible Bob in Sales is at his job, it’s not something you can talk about with your coworkers- even your friends. Unless you’re talking to your best non-work friends or your partner, there’s no cause to broadcast someone’s ineptitude. Be kind. Take the high road. And for that matter, don’t smack talk about your boss or how much you hate your job either.PoliticsBy far the easiest way to alienate someone is t o casually discuss politics. Things are quite simply too fraught these days. A haphazard comment here or there could really lose you points. In general, it’s best not to mix office and politics in general- tense times or not. You never know where someone (or the cubemate quietly listening) stands. If others are talking politics, listen and smile and step outside.  How much you makeEven if you’re sharing your salary to commiserate with other low-level earners, you never know what those people might be making. It could be even less than you. Don’t run the risk of humblebragging. And definitely don’t outright brag. First of all, nobody cares. Second, they’ll just assume you’re a materialistic jerk.Your sex life†¦ or anybody else’sReally, there’s no reason to divulge any details about what goes on in your bedroom. Or worse- to speculate about what might or might not go on in someone else’s. It’s just gossip, wh ich is never a good idea. Plus, it’s likely against company policy. You just never know when you might make someone feel uncomfortable, so respect work and personal boundaries.Your ongoing job huntIf you’re job hunting because you’ve outgrown your position or you just plain hate your job, that’s fine. Keep it on the DL. Nobody wants to be friends with the kid who doesn’t even want to be on the playground with the other kids.Your online presenceUnless you become actual friends with a coworker, it’s best to keep your social media networks separate. LinkedIn is great for work friends, but keep your Facebook and Twitter and Instagram to people who won’t be annoyed by your vacation photos of margaritas and tequila shots.Offensive jokesAgain, anything off-color is probably going to get you in trouble with your human resources department. If you have a racist, misogynist, or intolerant joke in your pocket, do yourself a favor and keep it to yourself. You  will offend someone and people  will think less of you. Is it really worth the forced laughter?Your dreams of a promotionIt’s fine to covet rungs above yours on the ladder. It’s not fine to tell people that you’re out to unseat your coworker or your boss. The news will definitely get back to that person, ruining a relationship for good. And whether or not you get your way, you won’t have the respect of everyone around you.Personal dramaYou might be having problems at home, or in your relationship, or with your health. Save intensely personal tales for your besties and your therapist. At the very least, save them for lunch hour with one or two close work friends, not your water cooler buddy. Work is not the place to be blabbing about your issues and emotions- it’s a professional setting, no matter how casual the office and how kind the people.

Kahil Gibran and his Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kahil Gibran and his Reflections - Essay Example In addition, he holds that love allows gathering patience, willpower and makes person more resistable to external calamities: "It is something that gathers strength with patience, grows despite obstacles, warms in winter" (ibid). Another interesting notion which can be found in the story, is the growth of love in the situation of disconnection or lack of communication between the beloved. The author shows how the feeling flourishes, when the protagonist reflect upon it, whereas his dearest person is faraway. Another characteristic of beloved person can be drawn from another marvelous poem - 'Love is a Magic Ray'. In this sense, the beloved have light minds, as they full of illusionary freedom and euphoria. In fact, the author indicates that the beloved view life through rose-colored glasses, because the strong feeling facilitates and simplifies the perception of life. The fourth poem I would like to examine is 'The Beloved: Reflections on the Path of the Heart', which skillfully and metaphorically 'tests' the genuineness of feelings, as there are several criteria which help distinguish beloved person.

Effects of Globalization on Regional Security Essay

Effects of Globalization on Regional Security - Essay Example Communication and transportation have acted as a catalyst for globalization. Communication has enabled increased connectivity among the global communities. Transportation has facilitated physical movement of people and merchandise. This has resulted in a globe connected in a dynamic manner (McGrew ND). Therefore, an event that occurs in one part of the globe will have repercussion on other countries. A terrorist attack will lead to global panic since it may lead to closure of many airports internationally. Similarly, the plummeting of the value of stocks in one of the key security market may culminate in similar occurrences in other markets. This write up will evaluate the impact of globalization on the regional security across the globe (Bardhan 2005, p. 50). Southern Sudan conflict Globalization has numerous consequences, which include an increase in international trade, weapons proliferation and cultural exchange. Some of these impacts of this phenomenon have affected regional sec urity in some regions globally (McGrew ND). This write up will highlight some of those examples across the globe. The discovery of crude oil in Southern Sudan brought excitement to that nation. Consequently, leading nations across the globe wanted to partake in the exploitation of this resource. However, the Southern Sudanese community felt short-changed in the sharing of the resultant funds. This resulted in a 21-year conflict in the southern part of Sudan. The conflict required constant supply of weapons to sustain the conflict. Globalization has culminated in the proliferation of weaponry globally. Consequently, there are unscrupulous individuals who trade in this kind of arsenal. Rebels do not buy weaponry legally consequently; they seek black-market traders. These traders denote proliferation of weapons since they work under no regulations hence; they sell to any client that pays the right price for such artillery. Therefore, the proliferation of weapons was a factor, which fue lled the Southern Sudan conflict, which lasted over two decades with massive human casualty. The proliferation of weapon resulted directly from globalization. Consequently, this conflict was a directly related to globalization. This conflict had a massive impact on regional peace in East Africa and resulted in instability in other parts of the region such as northern Uganda. Weapon acquired from the black market were vital since they ensured that the rebels could sustain the conflict (Stiglitz 2002, p. 90). Niger delta conflict Nigeria has massive oil reserve in the Niger delta, which is a mangrove. The oil generates massive foreign currency, which has contributed massively to that nation’s wealth. Foreign companies are involved in the exploitation of oil in that nation which resulted in rebels attacks in the areas. The rebels claim that the central government is not apportioning the resultant resources appropriately. Globalization has allowed international companies to inves t in various nations across the globe. This kind of investment denotes the impacts of globalization on the economic front. However, this has culminated in the rise of a conflict. The rebels claim that the companies, which exploit oil, fail to invest the massive returns in the delta region. Globalization has resulted in the elite global companies being the chief beneficiary of the

Financial statements analysis and financial models(question answers) Assignment

Financial statements analysis and financial models(question answers) - Assignment Example a company, without seeking for debt finance, the following are two ways a company can adopt in order to increase the sustainable growth rate: first, the utility rate of assets should be increased in order to increase the revenue generated, thus, increase the net income. An increase in the net income increases both the ROE and the payout ratio. Second, the company can depend on either retained earnings or equity finance to fund the undertakings of projects with positive net present value. ROE = Profit margin*Total asset turnover*equity multiplier = (0.55*1.9*0.063) = 6.5835%. Sustainable growth = (ROE*b)/1- (ROE*b). 0.09 = (0.065835b)/ 1 – (0.065835b). b = 1.2546 = (1 – payout ratio). Therefore, payout ratio = (1.2546 – 1) = 25.46%. Consequently, for the growth rate to be achieved, the dividend payout ratio must be 25.46%. The interpretation means that the company will use 25.46% of the net income to fund dividend payment. The approximate sustainable growth rate SGR = (ROEb)/1- (ROEb). ROE = (Net income/equity) = (95,000/230,000) = 41.30%. The payout ratio = (42,000/95,000) = 44.21%. Therefore, SGR = (0.413*0.4421)/1 – (0.413* 0.4421) = 0.1826/ (1- 0.1826) = 22.34%. The exact sustainable growth rate = 22.339124%. Since the value of equity never changed during the period, the ROE is remains unchanged. Therefore, the approximate sustainable growth rate is similar to the above determined

Chemistry of All-carbon Materials: Structure and Properties

Chemistry of All-carbon Materials: Structure and Properties All-carbon materials have received lots of attention in the past. Carbyne, a new allotrope of carbon, is still in controversy towards its synthesis and property. Combining with the Goroff group’s research, this project is to prepare the polymer PIDA (polydiiododiacetylene) as a polyrotaxane complex, encapsulated in a column of macrocyclic hosts. The polyrotaxane structure will prevent aggregation of the PIDA strands, allowing for the complete dehalogenation of the polymer to make carbyne. The proposed route is shown in Scheme 1.1. PIDA, a precursor of carbyne, can be made from diiodobutadiyne and macrocyclic hosts via topochemical polymerization and host-guest strategy, in which macrocyclic host will self-assemble into column structure and diiodobutadiyne will form halogen bonds with host. All-carbon materials have been widely investigated because of their potential properties, such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and hardness. They exist in different morphologies with various properties, such as diamond, graphite, carbon nanotube, graphere, fullerene and carbyne . Diamond, consisting of all sp3 hybridized carbons, has many unusual properties, such as extreme hardness, high optical transmittance and wide band gap and so on.1 Because of these potential properties, the synthesis of diamond is of great interest. It can be synthesized through chemical vapor deposition, including hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD); high frequency plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD); and DC plasma discharge.1b Graphite is made of sp2 hybridized carbon. It has a layered honeycomb structure and behaves as a good conductor.2 Fullerenes exist in different sizes, such as C60, C70 and C82. The C60 fullerene was first reported by Kroto and coworkers.3 It is an all-carbon polyhedral cage molecule with each atom sp2 hybridized and directly bonded to three neighbors. All valences of carbon atom in the molecule are satisfied by two single bonds and one double bond. Graphene is single atom thick layer of graphite, which can be used in composite material , electric battery and hydrogen storage.4 Carbon nanotubes usually have cylindrical nanostructure and made of different length-to-diameter ratio. Because of its special electrical, electrochemical and optical properties, carbon nanotubes were widely investigated in electronics, biological and energy application.5 Carbyne, having all-sp-hybridized carbon, is highly reactive. Carbyne, an sp hybridized all-carbon chain, is a new allotrope of carbon and has potential special properties as all carbon material, which has attracted considerable interest since discovery back in 1960. Because of its instability, it is less well known than the other carbon allotropes. The investigation of carbyne or carbyne-like structures is still underway while the results are often unclear. Researchers have tried to synthesize carbyne or carbyne-like materials in several ways, such as chemical dehydrohalogenation and electrochemical synthesis. Evsyukov et al.6 studied dehydrohalogenation of poly (ethylene-alt-chlorotrifluoroethylene)(PE-a-CTFE)to make carbyne. PE-a-CTFE was treated with potassium tert-butoxide in tetrahydrofuran to form a halogen-substituted polyenyne structure with randomly distributed isolated triple bonds. Theoretically, the synthesis was showed below. Elimination of hydrogen halides was incomplete, which could result from the insufficient strength of the base, sterical hindrances caused by its bulkiness and alternation defects in the original copolymer. Wang and coworkers7 claimed to form carbyne-like material via electrochemical method. 1, 1, 2-trichloroethylene was dehydrochlorinated with t-buthanolate, which was formed from t-butylalcohol on a Ni cathode in dimethylsulfoxide electrolyte solution under anaerobic conditions. However, this method was not effective because of reactive carbon, oxidation with O2 and cross-linking of polyyne-like chains. In above reports, no evidence of formation of carbyne is observed and the properties of carbyne remain unrealized. Recently, polyynes, analogues of carbyne, have been widely investigated to predict the properties of carbyne. Polyynes are one-dimensional chains with alternating single and triple bonds. The synthesis of long polyynes chains was first reported by Walton and coworkers.8 They used Cu-catalyzed oxidative Hay coupling techniques to synthesize triethylsilyl-capped polyynes. Tykwinski and coworkers also synthesized several polyynes with a variety of end groups, in which bulky end groups would increase the stability and solubility of polyynes. In 2010, Tykwinski reported the synthesis of polyynes with as manys as 44 sp-carbons.9 They used bulky tris(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)methyl (Tr) as end groups and stabilize the chain. The synthesis method is shown in Scheme 1.4. When the polyynes become larger and larger, the effect on stability of end groups becomes insufficient. In order to overcome this issue, some researchers encapsulated polyynes into macrocycles to form rotaxanes or polyrotaxanes. Sugiyama and coworkers10 prepared pseudo-rotaxanes and rotaxanes with cyclodextrin simultaneously to stabilize and to solubilize the carbyne chains. Tykwinski and coworkers11 synthesized polyyne rotaxanes with 4, 6 and 10 triple bonds in length through active copper-templated coupling. Inspired by these cases, I am trying to design a polyrotaxane, allowing for complete dehalogenation of PIDA to make carbyne. Polydiacetylenes (PDAs), conjugated polymers with alternating double and triple bonds in the backbone, are prepared via topochemical polymerization of aligned diynes. Generally, topochemical polymerizations occur in a condensed phase, in which the monomers are preorganized and the final structures of the product are determined by the preorganization. In 1969, the synthesis of PDA was first described by Wegner,12 introducing the 1, 4-polymization of monomers. In addition, Baughman demonstrated how 1, 4-polymerization of diynes works and reported necessary parameters for the 1, 4-polymerization.13 The monomers are held in alignment. The distance between adjacent monomers is near 5 Ã…. The intermolecular distance of reacting carbons (C4 and C1’) is close to 3.5 Ã…, which is close to the van der Waals radius of carbon. The tilt angle between monomer diyne and the vertical translation axis should be 45 °. Ideal 1, 4-polymerization of diynes is showed below. Host-guest strategy is used to describe how monomers are aligned for polymerization. Different molecules or ions are held together by some forces to form complexes. In order for topochemical polymerization, monomers should be aligned to meet the geometric requirements. However, some monomers cannot form the right geometry required to polymerize. Host-guest strategy is applied to adjust the monomers to meet the requirements reported by Baughman. Here, hydrogen bonding and halogen bonding work in 1, 4-polymerization through host-guest strategy. Recently, Fowler and Lauher developed different kinds of diyne monomers to undergo 1, 4-polymerization using the host-guest strategy. In this way, the diyne monomers played the role of guests, which then formed hydrogen bonds with host molecules. The host molecules possessing oxalamides and ureas self-assembled into a structure via hydrogen bonding. Because of hydrogen bonding interactions, the diyne monomers were aligned in proper geometry for 1, 4-polymerization. The following is an example of host-gust strategy for one diyne.14 In the cocrystals, the oxalamide host molecule was organized through hydrogen bond with a repeat distance of 4.97 Ã…. The nicotinyl ester groups of the diyne guest monomers form strong pyridine-carboxylic acid hydrogen bonds to the host molecules. In addition to Fowler and Lauher’ work, the Goroff group also showed halogen bonding interaction could be applied for 1, 4-polymerization with the host-guest strategy. sp2 and sp hybridized carbon is more electronegative than iodine. Iodoalkynes behaves as Lewis acids and form halogen bonds with Lewis bases, such as pyridine and nitriles. The following is an example of host-gust strategy for diiodobutadiyne (figure 1.3).15 In this case, diiodobutadiyne played the role of guest. The hosts with oxalamide group were also organized through hydrogen bonds and designed to align diiodobutadiyne in the right geometry for 1, 4-topochemcal polymerization. The repeat distance of diyne monomers was 5.11 Ã…. The tilt angle was 51 °. Halogen bonds (XBs) is a non-covalent interaction which consists of halogen atom and other neutral atom or anions. The general structure of halogen bonds is showed in Figure 1.4.16 In this structure, X is halogen atom, which accepts electron density. It can be Lewis acid and halogen bond donor. D is the one donate electron density, which behaves as Lewis base and halogen bond acceptor. Y is a carbon, nitrogen, or halogen atom. The investigation of XB has been continuing for near 200 years. In 1863, the first report on the ability of halogen atoms to form well-defined adducts with electron donor species was described by Frederick Guthrie.17 In his experiment, I2 was added to saturated ammonium salt (nitrate or carbonate) and a diiodine/ ammonia system NH3†¢I2 formed. After exposed to air, it decomposes spontaneously into ammonia and iodine, without permanent gas being evolved. After that, halogen bonds became widely investigated. H. A. Benesi and J. H. Hildebrand identified the iodine-benzene complexe through UV-vis spectra in 1948.18 In 1954, Hassel’s group used X-ray to show the structure of bromine 1, 4-dioxanate.19 The experiment showed there was a short intermolecular interaction between the oxygen atoms of dioxane and bromine atoms. The interaction was halogen bond. The distance of O−Br bond was just 2.71 Ã…, which indicated a strong interaction between the bromine and oxygen atom s. Pierangleo Metrangolo and Guiseppe Resnati, whose research focused on halogen bonds, summarized the characteristic of halogen bonds and their interaction.16, 20 Polarizability increases when you move down the periodic table from fluorine atom to the iodine atom. This makes Cl, Br and I have the positive potential charge, which is showed in Figure 1.5. When the halogen atom is attached to an electron-withdrawing group, the positively polarized area will increase. On the one hand, the halogen atom can be the acceptor of electron density. On the other hand, the positive charge locates at sphere’s end, which is surrounded by electron neutral ring and negative charge belt. Because of the special location of positive charge, the angle of covalent bond and noncovalent bond around halogen atom in D†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢X—Y is near 180 °. This is consistent with research results. Hongjian Jin et al.21 used diiodobutadiyne and bis(pyridyl)oxalamides to make cocrystal, whi ch was based on halogen bonds between pyridine group’s nitrogen and iodine. Polymerization of cocrystal was induced under 3.5 GPa pressure. Although the N†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢I—C angle changed after polymerization, both angles were still near 180 °. They were 169.7 ° and 161.4 °. Investigation of halogen bonds examples in the Cambridge Structure Database is also shown. Metrangolo and Resnati16, 20 showed that halogen bond was relative stronger than hydrogen bond. However, a halogen is larger and more polarizable than hydrogen and halogen bonds are more sensitive to steric hindrance than hydrogen bonds. Halogen atom, electron acceptor in XBs, has some general characteristics. Among the four halogen atoms, the order for forming strong halogen bonding is I >Br > Cl >F. The more electron withdrawing atom is, the stronger is the halogen bonds. As to halocarbons, the strength order for halogen bonding is C-X (sp)>C-X (sp2)> C-X (sp3). If the halocarbons are unfunctionalized monohaloalkanes, no halogen bonds are observed. Diiodobutadiyne, in which the C is sp hybridized, is a good Lewis acid.22 The Goroff group used diiodobutadiyne as a guest to make poly (diiododiacetylene) (PIDA) with several hosts. Self-assembly of macrocycles Supramolecular chemistry is a rapidly growing field, emphasizing on assembly of discrete molecules. Traditional chemistry deals with covalent interaction while supramolecular chemistry focuses more on noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding23, van der Waals forces24 and Ï€-Ï€ interactions25. Self-assembly, a main process involved in supramolecular chemistry, will take advantage of these noncovalent interactions to organize discrete molecules into high order structures. Macrocycles, which have cyclic structures with other functional groups, can be self-assembled in a specific manner to form high order structures. Here I will introduce the self-assembly of macrocycles through hydrogen bonding and Ï€-Ï€ interactions. Ï€-Ï€ interactions, well known noncovalent intermolecular interactions, play important roles in self-assembly of macrocycles. The arrangement of aromatic rings has following geometries, such as face-to-face, edge-to-face and slipped stack. Hill and coworkers26 synthesized amphiphilic hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene, self-assembling via Ï€-Ï€ stacking to form a discrete nanotubular object. The object has a uniform and 14-nanometer-wide hollow space. Lauher and coworkers27 also took advantage of Ï€-Ï€ stacking to design a tubular macrocyclic polymer. The monomer structure and route to a tubular polymer are shown in Figure 1.7. The diacetylene-based macrocycles self-assembled into polymerizable slipped Ï€-Ï€ stack and polymerized via slow annealing. The macrocycle had two different crystalline forms, which were monoclinic and triclinic form, respectively. After slow annealing at 40 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™, the triclinic forms appeared to undergo crystal-to-crystal polymeriz ation. Hydrogen bond is an attraction force involves a hydrogen and strong electronegative atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine. The electronegative atoms behave as hydrogen bond acceptor and hydrogen is hydrogen bond donor.28 Macrocyclic peptides and ureas can form high order tubular structures via hydrogen bonds. Ghadiri and coworkers29 used cyclo[-(L-Gln-D-Ala-L-Glu-D-Ala)2-] to self-assemble into hollow tubes via amide hydrogen bonds. Shimizu and coworkers30 also took advantage of amide hydrogen bond to organize diacetylene macrocycles for topochemical polymerization. In addition, Shimizu and coworkers used macrocyclic bis-ureas to self-assemble into columnar structures through urea hydrogen bonds. In the structure of macrocyclic bis-ureas, two hydrogen atoms in NH group are hydrogen bond donors and the carbonyl groups are hydrogen bond acceptors. The structures of the macrocyclic ureas are shown in figure 1.8. In 2001, they used bis-urea macrocycles with m-xylene to form the sel f-assembly tubular structures.31 The m-xylene kept the macrocycles rigid. However, this macrocycle formed intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Another bis-urea macrocycle with m-phenylether avoided forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds and organized into tubular structures with ordered acetic acid dimer filling inside as guest. The columns were stabilized by hydrogen bonding as well as Ï€-Ï€ staking interactions of phenylether. Except ureas, oxalamides are also used to form hydrogen bonding networks (figure 1.8). The repeat distances are 4.6 Ã… and 5.0 Ã…, respectively.33 Inspired by above work, we plan to design a macrocycle with pyridine, alkyne and oxalamide segments. Pyridine and alkyne segments provide beneficial rigidity, helping the macrocycles cocrystalize with diiodobutadiyne through halogen bonds. oxalamide segments are used for forming hydrogen bonding networks.

How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years :: Employment Unemployment Economics Essays

How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years The different types of Unemployment There are many different types of unemployment, these are: frictional unemployment, structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment, classical unemployment, and demand deficient unemployment. Frictional unemployment is unemployment for a short duration of time as workers move from one job to another. Over the last 20 years information has improved and people are more aware of the availability of better paid job, promotions etc and hence they may be moving form job to job more often hence increasing temporary frictional employment. Structural unemployment is caused by a lack of capital for goods and services in the economy or a particular sector. As the structure of an economy changes, certain workers may find themselves made redundant as their skills are no longer required, or that the region in which they live does not have enough employment opportunities. An example of this is the British ship building industry, which has contracted to the extent that workers with skills appropriate to this industry either cannot find jobs at all or must migrate to find them. Structural unemployment will be affected by the cost and availability of retraining, which would allow people to acquire skills which will be useful to them in filling the vacancies which are available. The ease of relocation within the country will also have an effect on structural unemployment. As the economy moves according to the business cycle, there are booms and recessions, and this is reflected in output and unemployment over the last 20 years structural unemployment has fluctuated accordingly due to the lack of capital, with recession in the early 1990's and high structural unemployment and booms in recent past with low structural unemployment. The lack of employment at this time is due to the lack of money to invest and expand, and as a result output is greatly reduced. However, nowadays, unlike the past 20 years, credit is now available much more easily for companies through banks and building societies so not as many employees are affected by structural unemployment. Demand deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of demand. Keynes believed that unemployment had more to do with the goods market than the labour market. Low demand in the goods market would mean low overall output, and therefore low demand for labour, over the last 20 years, demand has raised overall hence demand deficient unemployment will reduce. During times of recession there is very little output and not many people are needed in the workforce. This leads to high unemployment levels. This situation arose in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when there was a recession. How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years :: Employment Unemployment Economics Essays How the U.K. Labour Market Has Changed Over The Last 20 Years The different types of Unemployment There are many different types of unemployment, these are: frictional unemployment, structural unemployment, seasonal unemployment, classical unemployment, and demand deficient unemployment. Frictional unemployment is unemployment for a short duration of time as workers move from one job to another. Over the last 20 years information has improved and people are more aware of the availability of better paid job, promotions etc and hence they may be moving form job to job more often hence increasing temporary frictional employment. Structural unemployment is caused by a lack of capital for goods and services in the economy or a particular sector. As the structure of an economy changes, certain workers may find themselves made redundant as their skills are no longer required, or that the region in which they live does not have enough employment opportunities. An example of this is the British ship building industry, which has contracted to the extent that workers with skills appropriate to this industry either cannot find jobs at all or must migrate to find them. Structural unemployment will be affected by the cost and availability of retraining, which would allow people to acquire skills which will be useful to them in filling the vacancies which are available. The ease of relocation within the country will also have an effect on structural unemployment. As the economy moves according to the business cycle, there are booms and recessions, and this is reflected in output and unemployment over the last 20 years structural unemployment has fluctuated accordingly due to the lack of capital, with recession in the early 1990's and high structural unemployment and booms in recent past with low structural unemployment. The lack of employment at this time is due to the lack of money to invest and expand, and as a result output is greatly reduced. However, nowadays, unlike the past 20 years, credit is now available much more easily for companies through banks and building societies so not as many employees are affected by structural unemployment. Demand deficient unemployment is caused by a lack of demand. Keynes believed that unemployment had more to do with the goods market than the labour market. Low demand in the goods market would mean low overall output, and therefore low demand for labour, over the last 20 years, demand has raised overall hence demand deficient unemployment will reduce. During times of recession there is very little output and not many people are needed in the workforce. This leads to high unemployment levels. This situation arose in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when there was a recession.

Children Learn Best

H61012A L9914234 Pham Minh Tu Discursive Eassay Children learn best by observing behavior of addults and copying it The major disparity between adults and children is the imitating learning scientifically. Although the incidental learning facilitates the studying of children, this conventional methodology has been considered as a contentious dicourse due to its latent detrimental impacts. This essay will demonstrate the affirmative and negative arguments for the immitating learning of children regards as the best methodolody.Firstly, the imitation of the behaviors of adults is a quick learning methodology for children. It is highly doubt that this eliminates the time spending on the explanation for children since these behaviors accumulatively exert young learners on their habits, personality and the outlook. To illustrate, no confusing question impedes the fragile mind of children from the reason wasting their time. This facilitates the adults to monitor the critical skills as they will explain the vital reason for some unclear and misleading action.Secondly, this imitation creates the natural incentives for children to learn the intractable things. With the mutual basis on the interpersonal communication with adults, particularly parents, these acquaintances appear as the massive profound inspiration. Consequently, these behaviors are understood as welcoming actions by children and manipulate them, in turn shaping their future personal like the civility.For example, to instill a love of books, parents could read books for children everyday instead of using TV as a pastime. Additionally, small children pick up several new words from parents’ conversations. These are the positive arguments for this learning methodology. Next the manifold oppose arguments will be illustrated for this issue. The predominant disadvantage of this imitating methodology is the pitfall of misleading or the limits for autistic children.It is explicit since this form of learning requires the high quality from the interpersonal environment solely, not from the learners themselves. Thus, without the interaction with parents, those children with autism do not enable themselves to study. Moreover, the imitation of adults’ behaviors leads to the latent profound reduction of creativity in children. The strings attached children with surrounding environment might create the laziness and then the shortage of the ability of provoke-thinking and solving problems.Subsequently, being a passive learner in a long-term period, the creativity can be reduced in children inevitably. In conclusion, when the imitability in learning always contains its advantages and limits on children. Nevertheless, it is the natural step of human’s evolution of studying. Therefore, children could encounter the surrounding environment and new concepts to learn the best from this step, which is assumed as a launching pad fro them before entering the world of formal schooling.

USS Ohio (BB-12) and the Great White Fleet

USS Ohio (BB-12) and the Great White Fleet USS Ohio (BB-12) was a Maine-class battleship that served with the US Navy from 1904 to 1922. The first warship named for the state since the ship-of-the-line USS Ohio that had been launched in 1820, the new battleship represented an improved version of the earlier Illinois-class. Built in San Francisco, Ohio joined the fleet and saw immediate service in the Far East. Transferring to the Atlantic in 1907, it joined the Great White Fleet for its cruise around the world. Ohio was modernized in 1909 and later supported American operations in Mexico. Though briefly decommissioned, it returned to active duty with the US entry into  World War I. Fulfilling a training role during the conflict, Ohio was placed in reserve in 1919 before being removed from the fleet three years later.   Design Approved on May 4, 1898, the Maine-class of battleship was meant to be an evolution of USS Iowa (BB-4) which entered service in June 1897 as well as the more recent Illinois-class. As such, the new battleships were to be of a sea-going design rather than the coastal configuration used in the Indiana- and Kearsarge-classes. Initially designed to mount four 13/35 cal. guns in two twin turrets, the design of the new class changed under the guidance of Rear Admiral George W. Melville and more powerful 12/40 cal. guns were selected instead. This main battery was supported by sixteen 6 guns, six 3 guns, eight 3-pdr guns, and six 1-pdr guns. While the first designs called for using Krupp Cemented armor, the US Navy later decided to utilize Harvey armor which had been employed on earlier battleships. Construction Designated USS Maine (BB-10), the lead ship of the class became the first to carry the name since the armored cruiser whose loss helped incite the Spanish-American War. This was followed by USS Ohio (BB-12) which was laid down on April 22, 1899 at Union Iron Works in San Francisco. Ohio was the only member of the Maine-class to be built on the West Coast. On May 18, 1901, Ohio slid down the ways with Helen Deschler, a relative of Ohio Governor George K. Nash, acting as sponsor. In addition, the ceremony was attended by President William McKinley. Over three years later, on October 4, 1904, the battleship entered commission with Captain Leavitt C. Logan in command. USS Ohio (BB-12) - Overview: Nation: United StatesType: BattleshipShipyard: Union Iron WorksLaid Down: April 22, 1899Launched: May 18, 1901Commissioned: October 4, 1904Fate: Sold for scrap, 1923 Specifications Displacement: 12,723 tonsLength: 393 ft., 10 in.Beam: 72 ft., 3 in.Draft: 23 ft., 10 in.Speed: 18 knotsComplement: 561 men Armament 4 Ãâ€" 12 in. guns16 Ãâ€" 6 in. guns6 Ãâ€" 3 in. guns8 Ãâ€" 3-pounder guns6 Ãâ€" 1-pounder guns2 Ãâ€" .30 in machine guns2 Ãâ€" 18 in. torpedo tubes Early Career As the United States newest battleship in the Pacific, Ohio received orders to steam west to serve as flagship of the Asiatic Fleet. Departing San Francisco on April 1, 1905, the battleship carried Secretary of War William H. Taft and Alice Roosevelt, daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt, on an inspection tour of the Far East. Completing this duty, Ohio remained in the region and operated off Japan, China, and the Philippines. Among the ships crew at this time was Midshipman Chester W. Nimitz who would later lead the US Pacific Fleet to victory over Japan in World War II. With the end of its tour of duty in 1907, Ohio returned to the United States and transferred to the East Coast. Great White Fleet In 1906, Roosevelt became increasingly worried regarding the US Navys lack of strength in the Pacific due to the growing threat posed by the Japanese. To impress upon Japan that the United States could move its main battle fleet to the Pacific with ease, he began planning a world cruise of the nations battleships. Dubbed the Great White Fleet, Ohio, commanded by Captain Charles Bartlett, was assigned to the forces Third Division, Second Squadron. This group also contained its sister ships Maine and Missouri. Departing Hampton Roads on December 16, 1907, the fleet turned south making port calls in Brazil before passing through the Straits of Magellan. Moving north, the fleet, led by Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans, reached San Diego on April 14, 1908. Briefly pausing in California, Ohio and the rest of the fleet then crossed the Pacific to Hawaii before reaching New Zealand and Australia in August. After taking part in elaborate and festive visits, the fleet cruised north to the Philippines, Japan, and China. Completing port calls in these nations, the American fleet transited the Indian Ocean before passing through the Suez Canal and entering the Mediterranean. Here the fleet parted to show the flag in several ports. Steaming west, Ohio made visits to ports in the Mediterranean before the fleet regrouped at Gibraltar. Crossing the Atlantic, the fleet arrived at Hampton Roads on February 22 where it was inspected by Roosevelt. With the conclusion of its world cruise, Ohio entered the yard at New York for a refit and received a new coat of gray paint as well as had a new cage mast installed. Later Career Remaining at New York, Ohio spent much of the next four years training members of the New York Naval Militia as well as conducting occasional operation with the Atlantic Fleet. During this period it received a second cage mast as well as other modern equipment. Though obsolete, Ohio continued to fulfill secondary functions and in 1914 helped support the US occupation of Veracruz. That summer the battleship embarked midshipmen from the US Naval Academy for a training cruise before being deactivated at Philadelphia Navy Yard that fall. Each of the next two summers Ohio reentered commission for training operations involving the Academy. With the US entry into World War I in April 1917, Ohio was re-commissioned. Ordered to Norfolk following its re-commissioning on April 24, the battleship spent the war training sailors in and around the Chesapeake Bay. With the conflicts conclusion, Ohio steamed north to Philadelphia where it was placed in reserve on January 7, 1919. Decommissioned on May 31, 1922, it was sold for scrap the following March in compliance with the Washington Naval Treaty.

Primarks Entry into the Brazilian Apparel Market

Primarks Entry into the Brazilian Apparel Market Executive Summary Since the establishment of Primark in 1969, the company has grown from a local outfit to a global entity. Over the past four decades, the company has expanded its operations from Ireland to over ten nations across Europe.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Primark’s Entry into the Brazilian Apparel Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result, Primark has emerged as one of the most reputable retailers in the European apparel industry. Investing in offshore markets is proposed as one of the ways to further the growth and success of the entity. Italy and Brazil were the two suggested markets where the company wanted to invest. Following a thorough market analysis, Brazil was selected as the desired new market for Primark. The reason why Brazil was considered as the country of choice is that it is experiencing a rapid growth in its apparel industry. The cost of establishing presence in the country is considerably low. Licensing is the preferred market entry strategy. The approach is less risky and requires little capital and engagement compared to other approaches. Brief Synopsis of the Issue Primark should enter into the Brazilian market to remain competitive and to increase its revenues. Recommendations Primark is one of the most successful retailers in the European apparel industry. As a result, it can succeed in the Brazilian market Licensing is the preferred market entry strategy since it involves minimal risks and involvement. Brazil is the market of choice since it has a rapidly growing apparel industry. Following the licensing process, it is important to monitor the activities of the licensee to safeguard the company’s interests. Background Primark is a British clothing retailer based in Ireland (Jones, Temperley Lima 2009). Since its inception in 1969, the company has continued to expand its market by opening stores across Ireland and other part s of the world, such as Germany, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Austria, Hungary, Spain, and Belgium (Jones et al. 2009). The organisation made the decision to expand after the realisation that firms have to move from local to global by entering into new markets. Entry into new frontiers is often referred to as globalisation. However, the strategy is characterised by a number of challenges.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competition is one of the major issues impeding expansion to new markets by a business. As a result, a firm wishing to expand its operations to a foreign country must carry out a market study to determine the opportunities available. The research also highlights the factors that promote business and the entry strategy to be used. Primark’s entry into the Brazilian market will be an important undertaking for the comp any. While there are great opportunities in the country, the apparel industry is also associated with stiff competition (Pinto Souza 2013). The country has a large population of over 190 million people that provides a wide market for the goods. Over the past few years, the country’s apparel industry has continually grown and is currently valued at $50 billion. Analysis of Market Opportunities in Brazil The Porter’s Five Forces driving competition framework is used to analyse the country. Some of the forces involve buyer and supplier power. Others are threat of new entrants, risk of substitute products, and degree of rivalry (Porter 1990). Brazil controls over 11.5 percent of the total retail industry value in America. The apparel industry is one of the best performing sectors in this market. The excellent performance owes to the fact that the industry is experiencing a high growth rate. As a result, competition is low. The situation decreases rivalry among key market players. Reduced rivalry encourages other companies to invest in the market since the industry is viewed as having more room to accommodate additional players. The country’s large population also encourages the entry of new players into Brazil’s apparel industry (MarketLine 2013). Today, the Brazilian fashion industry is controlled by a number of local and multinational companies (Utton 2006). As such, it is characterised by a large number of fashion retail stores. However, it is important to note that Brazilians do not have a lot of disposable income.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Primark’s Entry into the Brazilian Apparel Market specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, a new entrant may opt to target the low end market. The presence of many retailers in the market is an indication that threats to entrants is significantly low compared to other countries. Reduced product differentiation is also of great importance in promoting the entry of new firms into the Brazilian market. Low product differentiation encourages companies to invest in the industry (Utton 2006). The lack of substitutes for apparel products makes it easy for a business to compete favourably with other firms in the sector. New players face few hurdles when investing in the Brazilian apparel industry. For instance, the capital requirement to establish a business in this sector is low compared to other industries, such as construction. There also exists a large number of wholesalers and manufacturers of fashion products. Brazil’s Attractiveness As stated earlier, the Brazilian apparel industry has been experiencing a sharp growth over the past few years. Currently, the growth rate is estimated to be at 6.5 percent annually (Nakanishi 2007). The development reveals that the current market players are strong and reap benefits from their participation in the sector. As a result, any new business wishing to invest in the Brazilian apparel industry must be prepared to face stiff competition and rivalry from existing companies. It is also important to observe that the industry is currently experiencing a rise in online sale of products. Such businesses have reduced the market for retail stores, such as Primark. As such, new entrants are likely to invest in a market that is shrinking. An increase in the demand for custom made goods is reducing the opportunities for retailers in Brazil. Most of these operators stock ready-made products. Companies venturing into the Brazilian fashion industry are likely to enjoy some benefits. Switching costs in the sector are generally low. The factor reduces the cost incurred by new firms intending to invest in the market. Product differentiation is also generally low. The situation allows new entrants to compete favourably with the existing firms.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, companies venturing into the country stand to benefit from the opportunities available. The low differentiation in products owes to the fact that most retailers in the apparel industry obtain goods from global manufacturers and wholesalers (MarketLine 2012). New businesses are also required to observe few legal requirements. The most significant cost to be incurred by new entrants into the Brazilian apparel industry involves the acquisition of stock. Most of the retail stores operating in the country depend on wholesalers for the supply of products. Some retailers opt to obtain their merchandise direct from the manufacturers. As a result of the fragmented nature of the supply chain in the industry, suppliers have reduced power over the market (Babu 2012). Market liberalisation in the country also cushions the retail stores against exploitation by the suppliers. As already indicated in this paper, barriers to entry are limited. The reduction in barriers lowers the cost of do ing business in Brazil. The capital requirements for a new retail store in the apparel industry are also considerably low (Belussi Sammarra 2010). Company Situation Analysis The SWOT analysis framework is used for the purposes of reviewing Primark’s situation with regards to its intentions to enter into the Brazilian market. The analysis explores the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with Primark (Porter 2004). It is important to examine the company in order to determine the factors that may affect its establishment in the new market. The analysis will highlight the improvements that need to be made to enhance Primark’s competitiveness. The external factors that may impede the success of the company are also identified (Bravo 2008). Primark’s strengths are likely to promote its success in the Brazilian market. The company has a strong brand name and a good reputation. As a result, the company stands a chance to succeed in the new mark et in spite of competition from a number of both local and multinational establishments (Porter 2004). The company is also well established, especially in the European market. It is expected that the business will record similar success in Brazil based on the fact that the country is experiencing sharp growth in the apparel industry, which is encouraging to new entrants. In addition, the company has a strong supply chain management system that is technologically advanced. Just like any other business, Primark has a number of weaknesses (Porter 2004). To begin with, the firm has been reported to earn low profits in some of the regions where it has previously launched its operations in the world. Such areas include France. Activities, such as online sale of products, have in the past eaten into the market previously controlled by retail stores in Brazil. The profitability of retailers in the country’s apparel industry is therefore expected to lower in the coming years. Customer power at Primark is high owing to the fact that most Brazilians purchase goods as individuals. For instance, the shift in the preference of some of the customers in the country from ready-made goods to custom made products has reduced the market previously controlled by retail stores. Primark can exploit a number of opportunities in the Brazilian market. To begin with, there are few barriers to entry (Bravo 2008). Businesses wishing to invest in the industry are not required to fulfil many legal requirements. Liberalisation of trade in the country has been achieved by removing barriers that would hinder investment from foreign firms. Technological advancement in Brazil also presents Primark with an opportunity to successfully enter into the new market (MarketLine 2013). Through technology, the company can be in a position to make improvements on their supply chains. The Brazilian apparel market is also experiencing a rapid growth. As a result, it is expected that there is a conside rably large number of Insatiable consumers customers. The Brazilian market also poses a number of threats to Primark and other similar firms. To begin with, environmental, global, and social regulations are on the rise (MarketLine 2013). Companies are now expected to exhibit corporate social responsibility. Compliance to such regulations increases the cost of doing business in the country. The global economic slowdown also exposes firms in the apparel industry to the risk of earning reduced profits. A decrease in the disposable income held by customers is also a threat to the entry of Primark into the Brazilian market. The development is likely to reduce the sales volume of company resulting to low profitability (Cattaneo 2010). The preference of the customers is also changing from ready to custom-made products. Readiness to go Overseas Primark is one of the leading retail stores dealing with the sales of clothes, shoes, accessories, and beauty products in Europe. Having started in Ireland in 1969, the company has over the past four decades widened its operations across Europe opening stores in over ten countries. The company has been successful in entering these European markets and has emerged as one of the most reputable brands in the apparel industry. To be able to remain competitive in the global market, Primark needs to extend its operations globally. As a result, they need to carry out market studies on potential countries in order to be able to come up with the most appropriate choice. Primark’s entry into the Brazilian apparel market is likely to be eventful. The country offers Primark a unique investment opportunity in that it is experiencing rapid growth in the apparel industry. Rivalry in the market is also considerably low, which offers an environment that is conducive for a young business to thrive (Petrou 2009). Reduced product differentiation is also likely to be beneficial to Primark since competitors will have no added advantage theref ore offering a level ground for all players in the industry. There are also limited barriers into entry. With the country being a liberal economy, the Brazilian government attempts as much as possible to encourage foreign investment. Although Brazil is associated with great opportunities for businesses in the apparel industry, a number of factors would deter Primark from entering the market. For example, there are several similar local and multinational stores in the country (Jones et al. 2009). As a result, the company will take a long time to out-do such well established businesses. Online sales also threaten the entry of Primark in the Brazilian apparel industry. Despite all these challenges facing Primark’s proposed entry into the Brazilian market, the opportunities that the investment presents outweigh the challenges. The company has also been successfully built its reputation in the global market by providing quality goods to their customers (Jones et al. 2009). For ove r three decades now, the company has successfully entered the major markets in Europe. As a result, the management is capable of overseeing the entry into the Brazilian market effectively. Global Sourcing and Production Global sourcing is the term used to describe the process of obtaining goods and services from foreign markets across political and geographical borders (Manuj 2013). The reason behind the practice is to promote efficiency in the delivery of goods and services. Many companies today use the practice to obtain low cost products from foreign countries. The motive behind this is to cut on the cost incurred when obtaining goods and services. Global production on the other hand refers to producing on a global scale. Such manufactures enjoy a wide range of economies of scale and are in a position to rationalise costs. The two concepts are important for persons wishing to understand international trade. Retail stores across the world source their products from global supplier s and manufactures (Jin 2005). Similarly, Primark has to carefully consider the preferred source for their products. Usually, the company buys its goods from manufactures and suppliers across the globe. The proposal for the firm to move into overseas markets will require that they look for the most efficient means of obtaining goods. It is obvious that Primark cannot continue relying on its previous sources of their products owing to the fact that they will be required to incur huge transportation costs. However, it is important to ensure that the source of the products selected does not affect the quality of the goods and services offered (Jin 2005). Market Entry Strategy The term market entry strategy refers to a carefully pre-planned means of delivering goods and services to a newly targeted market and their distribution. The process of developing an effective market entry strategy requires a firm to carry out a thorough search on potential customers and competitors (Ross Harrad ine 2010). One must also put into consideration possible trade barriers. The firm wishing to invest overseas must therefore have a clearly defined plan on the source of the goods. Proximity of the source of goods to the market is one of the key factors to consider. The cost of obtaining and having the goods delivered to the business should also be considered. Primark must be keen to ensure that the costs incurred in obtaining the goods and delivering them to the market does not exceed the expected gains following the sales of the products. There are a number of market entry strategies that can be used by Primark. The strategies include licensing, turnkey project exporting, joint venture, outsourcing, Greenfield project, Export Processing Zones (EPZs), franchising, alliances, as well as the use of wholly owned ventures (Collins, Kamel Miller 2006). Licensing is the recommended entry strategy for Primark. It requires little involvement and expenses. The strategy is almost similar to franchising. Primark will need to sign an agreement with another firm allowing them to operate under their brand name. However, Primark will be required to closely monitor the firm that they have licensed in order to ensure that the terms of the agreement are being adhered to, as well as to offer technical support to the new business. The strategy is associated with a number of advantages and disadvantages. Merits associated with the strategy include low risk to the parent firm. The licensee contributes capital and sells goods under the licensor’s brand name (Collins et al. 2006). Both parties are also involved in marketing. As a result, the sales volumes go up. Primark may encounter a number of challenges following its move to license another firm to carry out its foreign operations. It will only enjoy limited participation from the agreement. The company may lose control over its brand. Potential returns to Primark from marketing activities are lost to the licensee. There i s also fear that the licensee may develop know-how and become a competitor. Implementation of the Market Entry Strategy Before licensing, it is important that Primark thoroughly investigates the licensee. Having determined the trustworthiness of the licensee, Primark will enter into an agreement with the other firm allowing them to use their brand name for Brazilian operations. Primark will however be required to carefully monitor the activities of licensee in order to secure their own interests (Kilduff Chi 2006). Once the licensor is fully established, employees from Primark will be sent to offer assistance to the licensee. References Babu, V 2012, Industrial engineering in apparel production, Woodhead Pub. India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Belussi, F Sammarra, A 2010, Business networks in clusters and industrial districts: the governance of the global value chain, Routledge, London. Bravo, L 2008, ‘The devil wears Primark’, British Journalism Review, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 63-68. Cattaneo, O 2010, Global value chains in a post-crisis world: a development perspective, World Bank, Washington, D.C. Collins, M, Kamel, M Miller, K 2006, ‘Beyond the core in retail’, Strategy and Leadership, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 14-18. Jin, B 2005, ‘Global sourcing versus domestic sourcing: implementation of technology, competitive advantage, and performance’, Journal of the Textile Institute, vol. 96, no. 5, pp. 277-286. Jones, B, Temperley, J Lima, A 2009, ‘Corporate reputation in the era of Web 2.0: the case of Primark’, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 927-939. Kilduff, P Chi, T 2006, ‘Longitudinal patterns of comparative advantage in the textile complex’, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 134-149. Manuj, I 2013, ‘Risk management in global sourcing: comparing the business world and the academic world’, Transportation Journal, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 80-107. MarketLine 2012, MarketLine industry profile: apparel retail in Italy. Web. MarketLine 2013, MarketLine industry profile: apparel retail in Brazil. Web. Nakanishi, N 2007, ‘Free entry, market size, and the optimistic stability’, International Game Theory Review, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 243. Petrou, A 2009, ‘Foreign market entry strategies in retail banking: choosing an entry mode in a landscape of constraints’, Long Range Planning, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 614-632. Pinto, M Souza, Y 2013, ‘From garment to fashion production: an analysis of the evolution of the apparel industry in Brazil’, BAR Brazilian Administration Review, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 304-322. Porter, M 1990, The competitive advantage of nations, Harvard Business Review, London. Porter, M 2004, Global competitiveness report 2004-2005, Macmillan, Palgrave. Ross, J Harradine, R 2010, ‘Value brands: cheap or trendy?: an investigation into young consumers and supermarket clothing’, J ournal of Fashion Marketing and Management, vol. 14, no. 3, pp.350-366. Utton, M 2006, International competition policy maintaining open markets in the global economy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.

Explain and illustrate the ways in which the theme of Maslowian Essay

Explain and illustrate the ways in which the theme of Maslowian self-actualisation has come to be central to HRM discourses - Essay Example However, under the light of incisive consideration, the matter emerges as a highly intricate interconnection where the motivational factors are seen as more personal and less dependent on extrinsic rewards contrary to popular assumptions. The simplicity of intrinsic vs. extrinsic is disqualified under the assumption that in a HR context, the motivation of employees is inherently intrinsic based on the desired of individuals to develop their professional and by extension personal and deed seated desired for fulfilment. This paper examines the notion of self-actualisation in contemporary HRM where it is widely regarded as an objective in itself outside the rest of the needs in Maslow’s pyramid. Consequently, employees are encouraged to strive for the perfection underpinned in self-actualisation to draw intrinsic motivation from their desire to achieve the unachievable. People tend to define their worth not as employees but individuals based on their ability to perform in their various tasks (Jim, 2006). Therefore, in HR, self-actualisation is more than just reward as payment or reward for the actual production but rather for the internal effort and self-production, which is always there to motivate the employees with a promise of reward for positivity. The traditional notion of rewards in terms of promotions is transcended by a powerful drive and self-reward that one gives himself/herself after the successful completion of a task. HRM discourse looks at one’s career as a means through which they try to fulfil their potential and they reinforce these efforts by trying to answer questions such as â€Å"What is my true self?†, â€Å"What can I accomplish?†, â€Å"What am I doing with my life?† When one seeks to answer such questions, they are well on their way to interior motivation and reward. HRM directly and

Ethical interview Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical interview - Coursework Example From this illustration, it is evident that this method is not only used the moment a partner dies (Garcia, 2001). From the matter and hand, Karen Capato who used has husbands through the Vitro fertilization gave a result of twins. It is a fact that some children have been denied a right of accessing the heritage on how they were born. The governing bodies have to propose a bill that advocates genetically manipulated children to find and understand how they came into existence and to gain their inheritance. The attitude and the perception by the state not to recognize these children as humans even though they are issued with the birth certificates is an overwhelming factor that needs to be eliminated. Despite technology being used, what matters is that the result that will be generated is a human being. Putting these children in the state of doubt makes them lose confident of themselves being in mind their conception was as natural as compared to the other kids (Salumets, 2003). Globally, the matter grown to a higher level because the number of children produced with the assistance of technology has continued to grow. Its growth has gotten a bigger number of complex ethical issues especially those that are associated with the matter at hand. When it comes to the social security benefits entitlement for these children conceived through means, I suggest that there should be some limits in the decision that are proposed by the supreme courts. For the limit to be implemented there must be considerations and according to my opinion, I suggest this by the use of utilitarian ethical theory and the principle of fairness (SANKAI, 2000). When children are conceived using genetic manipulation, there are legal difficulties that that compounds the individual to gain the inheritance. Through applying the principle of justice, we focus on the equitability of the distributional risks because of the limited resources available. The