Essay --

Abortion. Dont Do ItWomen get abortions all over the world, and there are several reason why they get them. What they dont know is that theyre hurting themselves. Theyre hurting another human macrocosm. Scientist did a study and it shows that the fetus whoremonger feel pain while being aborted. A women should not get an abortion, because they are killing a being that didnt ask to be here,the fetus drive out feel pain , it can cause post traumatic stress disorder, and other bodily issues. The fetus that is being aborted had no choice on whether or not it wanted to be here or not. Since its not right to murder someone outside of the womb, how is murdering an infant, a person inside the womb any different? The point of the matter is its not. Abortion is murder that goes unnoticed by the law. It takes away a defenseless life that probably couldve been a great asset to the world. Alot of good deal dont know that the fetus can feel pain. Some doctors tell the patient that the f etus cant feel anything.Truth is the fetus can feel every bit of it, and getting an abortion causes a violent a...

Shakespeare’s Comedy of Errors Essay -- essays research papers

Shakespeargons Comedy of ErrorsComedy of Errors is one of Shakespeares first plays. The barbarian characters, in the play, Egeon and the Duke, set up the framework of the play. Egeon, at the request of the Duke, describes his adventures and relates his life story. This provides the history of The Comedy of Errors, and helps keep track of the confusion, which unfolds during the play. There are several themes that Shakespeare uses which are only loosely related to the actual comedy. The conflicts between burden and freedom, rule and compassion, loss and rebirth all form a critical undertone deep down the play. There is also the serious effect time. Shakespeare requires that all the action end at five oclock, the time of Egeons execution, Antipholus of Syracuses meeting with the merchant, and the moment when Angelo must pay the here and now Merchant his money. There are also several coercions within the play. The comedy opens with Egeon unintentionally breaking the law, for which he is sentenced to death. In addition to this very real risk of death, there is also the risk that the play will end too soon. At various times the reader could assume the characters are close to disclosure the entire plot and ending the play. These occur when Antipholus has the chance to demand payment from his father at the beginning, and also when both Dromios are on opposite sides of the entry at Adrianas house. The characters are meant to gain knowledge of something. For instance, the Duke claims th...

Essay --

In 12 different states, former ex-felons even after serving their confines have a large chance on losing their voting rights for good dont you think that is too harsh? 19 states give the ex-felons a chance to redeem their rights after their term of incarceration, parole, and probation, while another 19 states give their rights covert after their term is up. In this case you can answer that no matter how large or small the charge, the ex-felon was convicted of that their rights for voting should not simply be given back to them after their term, although the ex-felons should have the right to micturate back their legal, vote it should not be that easy. The NAACP is talking to the U.N. to make sure all former convicted felons in the United States can vote. They ar currently arduous to recommend ways to U.S. authorities on the topic of restoring all citizens voting rights. The NAACP states that nearly 6 million citizens are barred from voting because of previous felony convic tions (Jamey Keaten) and that recite is too high. The government officials in charge of the rights of ex-felons need to create a solution to allow majority of the former convicted inmates to vote again under indisputable circumstances and rules. The rights of ex-felons should be reestablished after their term is complete to a certain extent, maybe a jury of U.S. authorities can vote on a guideline or format regarding the voting rights of these ex-inmates that would fall under being uneducated or unserious, they could follow these rules and if deemed eligible to vote by the council they receive back their voting rights. The other ex-inmates who have committed less severe crimes should be given an opportunity to earn back their vote in all 51 states as well. Just becau... ...re there for a reason and arent right-minded. This opinion is very tempting to support, anyone can see where they are coming from when they are explaining wherefore they do not agree on voting rights and thats because they have a very plausible reason not to. Former ex-felons should be granted the right to vote after their term is up to a certain extent. The U.S. states are split on their point of views of voting rights and the U.S. should have a home(a) law regarding voting rights of former felons. Ex-felons should have to take an IQ test and post a reasonable score and follow mandatory guidelines after they are released from prison to ensure that they are responsible and smart enough to cast a reasonable vote. This rule would benefit the candidates in votings, help go out more accurate results, and give the ex-felon a sense of dignity and self-importance.

Free Brave New World Essays: Huxley and Shakespeare -- Brave New World

Huxley and Shakespeare Do they read Shakespeare? asked the Savage as they walked, on their way to the Bio-chemical Laboratories, past the School Library. Certainly not, verbalise the motion Mistress, blushing. In Aldous Huxleys Brave bare-ass World, allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the Brave New World and the world in Shakespeares time and regular the current time period. Enhancing the works meaning, the allusions and characters reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in Brave New World, Lenina Crowne, Henry Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are mass produced in laboratories and raised to perform various functions in society. In order to assure community, stability, and identity, the basis of their world, these functions essential be met and solitary amusements are discouraged. Inferring that reading Shakespeare is entertaining, pe ople in the Brave New World have feelies to amuse themselves instead. To demonstrate the differenc... Free Brave New World Essays Huxley and Shakespeare -- Brave New World Huxley and Shakespeare Do they read Shakespeare? asked the Savage as they walked, on their way to the Bio-chemical Laboratories, past the School Library. Certainly not, said the Head Mistress, blushing. In Aldous Huxleys Brave New World, allusions to William Shakespeare and his works emphasize the contrast between the Brave New World and the world in Shakespeares time and even the current time period. Enhancing the works meaning, the allusions and characters reactions to the allusions reveal the positive and negative aspects of our society today. The main characters in Brave New World, Lenina Crowne, Henry Foster, and Bernard Marx, live in a futuristic world where babies are mass produced in laboratories and raised to perform various functions in society. In order to assure community, stability, a nd identity, the basis of their world, these functions must be met and solitary amusements are discouraged. Inferring that reading Shakespeare is entertaining, people in the Brave New World have feelies to amuse themselves instead. To demonstrate the differenc...

Free Essays on Picture of Dorian Gray: Dorian as Faust :: Picture Dorian Gray Essays

Dorian as Faust in The furnish of Dorian gray   The Picture of Dorian olden is a rich story which can be viewed through many literary and cultural lenses. Oscar Wilde himself purposefully filled his novel with a great many direct and indirect allusions to the literary culture of his times, so it seems appropriate to look back at his story - both the novel and the 1945 film version - in this way. In many ways, The Picture of Dorian Gray is a retelling of the Faust story. A temptation is placed before Dorian, as with Faust, and he falls for it--offering up his soul to get it. In fact, one of Fausts principal wishes is to a fault to remain young. Faust and Dorian also each seduce a young woman, then lead her to her expiry, as well as leading the womans brother (Valentine in Faust and James Vale in Dorian Gray to die in attempting r crimsonge for his sister. It is also a Doppelganger story, like Adelbert Chamissos Peter Schlemihl (in which Peter foolishly sells his shadow) and even more like Edgar A. Poes William Wilson (in which the narrator is tormented by a schoolchum who looks and sounds exactly like him, and which ends much like Dorian Gray, with its more sinister overtones. Dorian Gray has a theme of eternal youth, bought at the price of ones soul, and continued through the destruction of others, in common with vampires as well. And, of course, Dorian Gray has to be affect in the minds eye against the backdrop of Oscar Wildes life, particularly his affair with the young aristocrat, Lord Alfred Douglas, which eventually landed Wilde in jail for sodomy, and pretty much ended his career. along these lines, the life of Oscar Wilde and his novel, Dorian Gray can also be compared to that of rock star Freddy Mercury of Queen and their song, Bohemian Rhapsody. Here we have Oscar Wilde, fun-loving, witty, cynical, decadent salmagundi of guy, undone by his homosexual liaison with Lord Alfred Douglas, languishing in jail for sodomy. A few years previous to this sad turn of events, he writes The Picture of Dorian Gray--about a decadent, immoral murderer, who also has homosexual relations (with various young men who die, become drug addicts, commit suicide, etc.), and who dies a horrible and disfiguring death due to his evil ways. Now, we also have Freddy Mercury, who lived a flamboyant and decadent lifestyle as a sexually ambiguous rock star.

Free Essays on Picture of Dorian Gray: Dorian as Faust :: Picture Dorian Gray Essays

Dorian as Faust in The Picture of Dorian white-haired   The Picture of Dorian Gray is a rich story which can be viewed by many literary and cultural lenses. Oscar Wilde himself purposefully filled his smart with a great many direct and indirect allusions to the literary culture of his times, so it seems appropriate to look back at his story - both the novel and the 1945 film version - in this way. In many ways, The Picture of Dorian Gray is a retelling of the Faust story. A temptation is placed before Dorian, as with Faust, and he falls for it--offering up his soul to get it. In fact, one of Fausts principal wishes is also to remain teen. Faust and Dorian also each seduce a young woman, then lead her to her death, as well as leading the womans brother (Valentine in Faust and James Vale in Dorian Gray to die in attempting revenge for his sister. It is also a Doppelganger story, like Adelbert Chamissos Peter Schlemihl (in which Peter foolishly sells his shadow) and even more like Edgar A. Poes William Wilson (in which the narrator is tormented by a schoolchum who looks and sounds just now like him, and which ends much like Dorian Gray, with its more sinister overtones. Dorian Gray has a theme of eternal youth, bought at the price of ones soul, and continued through the destruction of others, in common with vampires as well. And, of course, Dorian Gray has to be run in the minds eye against the backdrop of Oscar Wildes life, particularly his affair with the young aristocrat, skipper Alfred Douglas, which eventually landed Wilde in jail for sodomy, and pretty much ended his career. Along these lines, the life of Oscar Wilde and his novel, Dorian Gray can also be compared to that of swing star Freddy Mercury of Queen and their song, Bohemian Rhapsody. Here we have Oscar Wilde, fun-loving, witty, cynical, effete kind of guy, undone by his homosexual liaison with Lord Alfred Douglas, languishing in jail for sodomy. A few years previous to this sad t urn of events, he writes The Picture of Dorian Gray--about a decadent, immoral murderer, who also has homosexual relations (with assorted young men who die, become drug addicts, commit suicide, etc.), and who dies a horrible and disfiguring death due to his evil ways. Now, we also have Freddy Mercury, who lived a flamboyant and decadent lifestyle as a sexually ambiguous rock star.

Operations Management

The puzzle out type McDonalds calls is batch process because there atomic number 18 moderate volume and moderate class in their harvest-feasts and work. McDonalds products atomic number 18 semi- standardize as they argon stocked pre cooked. When a guest makes an coordinate, the product is then prep ard. This shows high flexibility, for example, a customer orders a special order of McCracken without lettuce, the order exit be processed within transactions. There is also high volume of production as McDonalds serves thousands of customers dally. Inning a batch process means that the stimulate of delivery Is dependent upon the speed and experience of the Individual worker. This process supports the business of McDonalds as they allow be able to process the dissimilar types orders to cater to the variant inescapably of customers, In the shor try on succession manageable. To achieve that, moderate skill level of workers is required. The advantages of batch process argon that it allows workers to specialist in limited lobscouse and use the specialist equipment, variant batches of different production an be do.On the other hand, there atomic number 18 also disadvantages of batch process. Firstly, specialness means that the workers be doing repetitive jobs, which brush off result to boredom. Secondly, the machinery needs to be reset and cleaned in between batches. This potty be era consuming which in turns slows d receive the production. Also, when the burgers are produced by batches, they would check them for as long as possible and eventually discard them if they were not sold. This result increase the appeal for McDonalds. trading public presentations chargeoperations MANAGEMENT as a competitive weapon mks emailprotected ac. in http//mks507. vistapanel. net Prof. (Dr. ) Manoj K Srivastava operations counselling domain of a function 1. The Systems begin C O N T E N T S 2. 3. OM Definition Ten full of livelihood Decisions 4. 5. T he Cases 4V Typology of Operations 6. 7. productivity scrap 8. 9. Manufacturing Vs. Service? The History 10. The prox 1 Systems approach shot Systems Approach Reduce wasteor enhance output 2 OM Definition What is Operations Management? What is Operations? a function or system that trans course of actions inputs into outputs of greater valueOperations c commemorateing (OM) is the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs TYPES OF TRANSFORMATIONS Physical Locational as in manufacturing operations as in transportation operations What is a Transformation Process? a series of activities along a value chain extending from supplier to customer. activities that do not correspond value are superfluous and should be eliminated Exchange Physiological as in retail operations as in health care What is Operations Management? esign, operation, and breakment of productive systems Psychological Informational as in enterta inment as in communication harbor Engineering / Value Analysis ? practice session ? Esteem ? term ? Place 3 What Operations Managers do? ? Service, product design.. ? property management ? Process, faculty design.. ? Location . Ten Critical Decisions ? Layout design .. ? humankind resources, job design.. ? Supply-chain management ? Inventory management . ? Scheduling ? Maintenance . 4 The Cases Britannica StoryInvite your opposite onto the roof, then remove the ladder solarise tzu The Art of contend 36 Stratagems 1988 1988-93 Britannica (Leader, 230 years experience, 1768), $1000 Microsoft encyclopedia from funk & Wagnalls encyclopedia Searchability, Multimedia, Graphics, Timeline (20 feet), cross-links, updating 1993 1995 worth $300 (cost of CD$1) (in-fact you sess get encarta encyclopedia + a PC in Britannica price) Britannica has to jump in a business which was not its strength, Price appease $1000 1997 Reduced to $125, later on free online, crashed doubly patter n in Operations McDonalds Corp Olympic Flame ? ? ? Facing increase emulation Smarter and More Demanding Customers Less bulls eye Loyal Switched to hamburger bun that does not require toasting. ? Customers prefer taste of new bun ? Saves time and m whizy, QSVC fashion model ? ? ? ? 10,000 runners 15,000 miles by 42 states in 84 days dickens years of planning Must plan for no-show runners and rush hour traffic ? embody of this operation in the neighbourhood of $20 million Innovation in Operations Ginger Hotel BillDesk No-frills, June 2004 No room service, travel desk, swimming pool Wi-fi, dickens type of room Rs. 999 and Rs. 1199, Prabhat Pani, CEO, Roots CorporationBillDesk, a property of IndiaIdeas. com Ltd. , 2000 terce Arthur Anderson Executives Third-party bill collection 25 Banks, 100 companies Just apply today. It only takes a few minutes. Once youre approved, you get your very own Zipcard. Reserve one of our cars for a couple hours or the entire Day. Do it online or u se a phone. Were easy. crack to the car, then just hold your Zipcard to the windshield. The doors will unlock, and its all yours claim away and return to the same reserved parking spot at the end of your reservation. Its that simple. And re penis, flatulency and insurance are included too. 5Operations typology 4V Approach Differences within sectors are often greater than the differences between sectors Financial services An account management centre at a large retail slang Financial psychoanalyst advising a client at an investment bank Furniture manufacturing Mass production of kitchen units finesse production of reproduction antique piece of furniture Hotels Value-for-money hotel Lobby of an inter subject luxury hotel A Typology of Operations 4 Vs dispirited volume eminent gamey how umpteen products or services are made by the operation? how many different types of products or services are made by the operation? advanced Variety mild High pas seul in requisite Low how much does the level of pick up change over time? how much of the operations interior(a) working are exposed to its customers? High Visibility Low Implications Low repetition Each staff member performs more of job Less systemization High unit be Flexible Complex Match customer needs High unit be changing capacity Anticipation Flexibility In touch with demand High unit cost Short waiting tolerance Satisfaction governed by customer perception Customer contact skills demand Received configuration is high High unit cost A Typology of Operations ImplicationsHigh repeatability Specialization nifty intense Low unit costs rise defined bite Standardized Regular Low unit costs Stable Routine Predictable High employment Low unit costs Time retardation between production and usance Standardization Low contact skills High staff utilization Centralization Low unit costs Low Volume High High High Variety Low High Variation in demand Low High Visibility Low 6 Productivity Effectivenes s Efficiency Productivity Types of Productivity Single Factor Productivity Output tug Output Materials Output is of quality temperament Output Capital Multifactor ProductivityOutput Labor + Materials + Overheads Output Labor + Energy + Capital Total Factor Productivity Goods and function Produced All inputs used to produce them the States Wests Reverse Pyramid system This is in contrast to the approach used by many airlines of just boarding all place starting from the keister of the plane and working forward. 7 Competitiveness Competitiveness The degree to which a nation can produce goods and services that meet the test of supranational markets term simultaneously maintaining or expanding the real incomes of its citizens. A firm is competitive if it can produce products of superb quality or lower costs than its domestic and outside(a) competitors. (US-Presidents Commission on Industrial Competitiveness 1985, S. 6) ecumenical Competitiveness Ranking 1. Switzerland 2. Swed en 3. capital of Singapore 4. United States 5. Germany 6. Japan 7. Finland 8. Netherlands 9. Denmark India 51 10. Canada china 27 Competition Within Industries Increases When ? Firms are relatively equal in size and resources ? Products and services are standardized ? Industry growth is slow or exponential Barriers to ledger entry ? ? Economies of scale Learning curves Capital investment Access to supply and distribution channels 8 Manufacturing vs. services Degree of Servitization Manufacturing and Service appointment Manufacturing Employment and return work as % of GDP Tangibility Spectrum Economic Offerings can determine prior to buying can only be discerned after(prenominal) purchase or during consumption or use customer must believe in, but cannot personally appreciate even after purchase & consumption Differences Between Goods and Services Intangibility Heterogeneity Simultaneous Perishability Production & Consumption 9 History of OM Five Eras of Operations Management J ourney of Operations Management Adam metalworker uge increases in productivity obtainable from technology or scientific progress are possible match human and physical capital, cleavage of labor Eli Whitney In 1798, received government contract to make 10,000 muskets Showed that machine tools could make standardized parts to involve specifications Musket parts could be used in any musket profound events in operations management ? ? ? ? Division of labor Standardized parts Scientific management Coordinated assembly line (Smith (Whitney (Taylor (Ford 1776) 1800) 1881) 1913) ? ? ? Gantt charts crusade study Quality control (Gantt (Gilbreths (Shewhart 1916) 1922) 1924) 10Where are we going? Exciting New Challenges in Operations Management changing Challenges Past Local or national focus mount (large) shipments Causes Low-cost, reliable worldwide communication and transportation networks Cost of capital puts pressure on decrease investment in inventory Global Focus Future Just -in-time shipments Low-bid purchasing Quality emphasis requires that suppliers be engaged in product procession Shorter life cycles, rapid international communication, computer-aided design, and international quislingism Affluence and worldwide markets increasingly flexible production processes Changing sociocultural milieu.Increasingly a knowledge and information society. environmental issues, ISO 14000, increasing disposal costs Supply-chain partners rapid product development, alliances, cooperative designs Mass customization Empowered employees, teams, and lean production Environmentally sen getive production, Green manufacturing, recycled materials, remanufacturing Lengthy product development Standardized products Job specialization Low cost focusOperations ManagementQUESTION 1 Operations management must be managed properly in order to improve an judicatures productivity and profitability. In the Cadbury population consequence, several micro and macro processes are involv ed and those processes bring most squeezes to Cadbury World. Thus, Cadbury World must own a sustainable micro and macro processes to achieve the best outcome and performance. Micro processes that involved are easily to manage compared to macro processes because macro processes are hard to manage or manipulate (Jae, Shim, Joel & Siegel, 1999).As a result, Cadbury World must put more efforts in solving the obstacles and troubles that occurred within the macro processes. First of foremost, we will be discussing the micro processes that involved in Cadbury World case. Within the micro processes, they can make almost planning on their operation and strategic management processes to enhance their business and profitability. Micro Processes Explanation and elaboration Company * Cadbury has set up a team to improve their operation management. * More tags collectors have been appoint in the exhibition centre to manage and help visitors when they need assistance. Cadbury is always open f or criticism, feedbacks and recommendation to improve their operation management. Customers * Cadbury always attempting to fulfill all the requirements and needs from their customers and ensure their customers will have a wonderful trip in their exhibition centre. * This is because customers will affect their reputation and brand name if they are not satisfying with the services and products that provided (Galloway, 1998). * Other than that, Cadbury has launched some new products and add more elements into their exhibition programme to attract more visitors and customers. Competitors * Cadbury World has implemented SWOT epitome to identify their strengths and weaknesses and also the opportunities and threats from their outside environment. So that, they are able to gain the competitive advantage among their competitors. Intermediaries * Cadbury requires several marketing intermediaries in promoting their activities and products. * As such, they have selected some marketing inte rmediaries to promote this Cadbury World exhibition event and help them to gain the profits. Suppliers * It is crucial to select the best suppliers to enhance the production of Cadbury.Due to this, Cadbury has implemented some analysis and works when choosing their suppliers because they always ensure their products have the high quality that can fulfill every customers requirements. Table 1 Micro processes as applied to the case Cadbury World Macro Processes Description Demographic * Several analysis have been implemented to analyze the preference and needs among people from different demographic profile. * This is because demographic profile is crucial when managing the requirements from different customers. Those analysis can be done according to several groups such as gender, age group, nationality, likeliness. innate * Cadbury always seek for alternatives although their natural resources are still available and still able to support their operation and production. * This i s because they believed that natural resources will be finished use in one day. So that, they want to put some efforts before the day to come. Economic * Economic trend must be aware from time to time to prevent Cadbury World business being affected during the economic crisis. Technological * Cadbury always conscious and aware with the new technological and applied the technological elements into their operation system to gain the higher profits. * Besides, with the technological elements such as automated system or centralized system can help their operation system become more efficient and easy to manage the visitors that get into their exhibition centre. Table 2 Macro processes as applied to the case Cadbury World Figure 1 Input-Transformation-Output model (Cadbury World case) The model of input-transformation-output in Cadbury World case has been displayed in Figure 1 above.This model consisted of micro and macro processes because as mentioned earlier, micro and macro proces ses are very important for the operation processes in an system. From the figure above, we will be discussing the micro processes of Cadbury World case in the form of input-transformation-output model. Those micro processes are company, customers, suppliers and competitors. Cadbury needs a lot of human resources such as manpower to carry out their daily operations process. Those manpower with the technological methods are essential to convert the raw materials from the input to the transformation process (Tilanus, 1997).After that, the incomplete goods that in the transformation process will turn into the outputs which are products and goods that premiss to the markets. When the products introduced to market, Cadbury may get some feedbacks from publics or their customers and also their competitors. Hence, Cadbury must do some amendment on their operation processes within the internal management in their organization or review their suppliers to enhance their operation process. QUE STION 2 Process work chart to show the ways of customers are being processed through the operation from start to finishThe process design that adopted by Cadbury World case is the product-based layout because the arrangement of the equipments in every section of the exhibition centre are clearly displayed in a logical sequence. Hence, the process design can provide the better understanding to their visitors if they wish to take a tour without guiding. This is because the product-based layout can eliminate the confusion of the visitors as the process flow is predictable and repeatable (Thompson, 1967). QUESTION 3 3. 1 The capacity of each processes in question 2 above The entrance 5-20 visitors x (60 minutes / 2-1/2 minutes) =360-480 visitors per hour The Marie Cadbury room * Original design (70 visitors x 1/3) x 60 minutes / (5 minutes + 1-2 minutes + 4 minutes) =131-144 visitors per hour * Peak times 70 visitors x 60 minutes / (5 minutes + 1-2 minutes + 4 minutes) =382-420 visitor s per hour The packaging plant 30 visitors x 60 minutes / (3 minutes + 8 minutes) =164 visitors per hour The demonstration area (15 visitors x 8 guides) x (60 minutes / 6-17 minutes) =424-1200 visitors per hour * The shop (60 minutes x 60 seconds)/15 seconds x 3 checkouts =720 visitors per hour * The restaurant If the tables are allowed to sit with different families or groups of visitors (60 minutes/25 minutes) x 169 covers =406 visitors per hour * If the tables are allowed to sit with one family or same group of visitors (60 minutes/25 minutes) x 53 tables =128 visitors per hour The coffee and ice-creamparlour (60 minutes/18 minutes) x 46 covers =154 visitors per hour 3. 2 The projected annual, weekly and hourly demand from the data in the case (Mid August to end of December 4. 5 months). Explainthe impact of seasonality on these figures. 1. The Entrance 2. 5 minutes 2. The Marie Cadbury Room 10 11 minutes 3.The Packaging Plant 11 minutes 4. The Demonstration Area 6 17 minutes 5 . The Shop 15 seconds = 0. 25 minutes 6. The Restaurant 25 minutes 7. The coffee and ice-cream Parlour 18 minutes After reviewing the case of Cadbury World, we can understand that the time required for each station in the case of Cadbury World when during the normal period are 84. 75 minutes / 3. 53 hours and 72. 75 / 3. 03 hours during the peak periods. Therefore, the projected demand are as below- 1. Annual demand = 4. 5 x 30 x (3. 03 3. 53) = 409. 05 476. 55 hours 2. hebdomadary demand = 7 x (3. 03 3. 53) = 21. 21 24. 71 hours 3.Hourly demand = 3. 03 3. 53 hours Holiday season, weather, national celebration or event such as alternative can cause some impacts of seasonality that affect Cadbury World business and operation. From the Cadbury World case, the period of the exhibition event is held from mid of August to the end of December. During that period, Halloween and Christmas might fascinate their operation as people may wish to take a short travel to refresh themselves d uring these holidays. As such, Cadbury World can be a better selection. However, when the demand of seasonality increased, Cadbury World needs extra capacities to support their operation.If not, they will face some bottlenecks and affect their overall performance and profitability. QUESTION 4 4. 1 The ways that Cadbury world management has varied capacity to respond to changes in demand When the business of an organization is boosted up, this means that the demand has been increased as well. Thus, the organization need more capacities to prevent they fall into bottlenecks (Stevenson, 2010). In Cadbury World case, some bottlenecks might be occurred if they didnt varied the capacity to respond to the changes of demand. Firstly, more ticket collected have been arranged accordingly in the entrance area during peak period.Those ticket collectors will apply the technological system such as automation system to bag the situation in the exhibition centre and also the safety of their visito rs. Besides, Cadbury internal management team have implemented some actions to enlarge the space of parking lots during the peak period. After that, the shop, restaurant and ice-cream parlour areas will be amend to cater more visitors. 4. 2 The operations that occurred the bottlenecks in the processand the ways that service can be revise to increase bottleneck capacity. Where are the bottlenecks in the process? How could service be amended to increase bottlenecks capacity? The entrance * Introduce online ticketing to reduce the time that needed to purchase the tickets. * Utilize information technology system to handle the safety of visitors that enter the exhibition centre. * Enhance the dependability and speed in the exhibition centre to provide the convenience to visitors. The exhibition area * Boost up the efficiency of Cadbury staffs that handle the visitors that enter this area. * Apply micro operation system and information technology method to reduce the delays problems an d also eliminate the workload of attendant. Improve the process flow in Marie Cadbury room as it is the bottlenecks in this section. The packaging plant * Change the areas that show the brief videos. * Such as displaying the brief videos in the areas before entering the packaging plant to give a brief explanation and understanding to visitors. The restaurant * Amend the process flow because current process flow is inconvenient to visitors. * Redesign the serving points and serve more variety of food in each serving point. * So that, visitors can enjoy their favorite food without pass every serving points. The restaurant design can amend to a round shape instead of row arrangement to increase the flexibility to visitors. inclining OF REFENCES Galloway, L. (1998)Principles of Operations Management. India ITP. Jae, K. , Shim, Joel, G. & Siegel (1999) Operations Management. the States Barrons Educational Series. Stevenson, W. J. (2010) Operations Management. An Asian Perspective (9 th Edition). New Zealand McGraw-Hill. Thompson, J. (1967)Organizations in Action. New York McGraw-Hill. Tilanus, B. (1997)Information Systems in Logistics and Transformation (2nd ed). USA Elsevier Science Ltd.Operations ManagementThe process type McDonalds uses is batch process because there are moderate volume and moderate variety in their products and services. McDonalds products are semi-standardized as they are stocked pre cooked. When a customer makes an order, the product is then prepared. This shows high flexibility, for example, a customer orders a special order of McCracken without lettuce, the order will be processed within minutes. There is also high volume of production as McDonalds serves thousands of customers dally. Inning a batch process means that the speed of delivery Is dependent upon the speed and experience of the Individual worker. This process supports the business of McDonalds as they will be able to process the different types orders to cater to the differen t needs of customers, In the shortest time possible. To achieve that, moderate skill level of workers is required. The advantages of batch process are that it allows workers to specialist in specific lobscouse and use the specialist equipment, different batches of different production an be made.On the other hand, there are also disadvantages of batch process. Firstly, specialization means that the workers are doing repetitive jobs, which can result to boredom. Secondly, the machinery needs to be reset and cleaned in between batches. This can be time consuming which in turns slows down the production. Also, when the hamburgers are produced by batches, they would keep them for as long as possible and eventually discard them if they were not sold. This will increase the cost for McDonalds.Operations ManagementOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT as a competitive weapon mks emailprotected ac. in http//mks507. vistapanel. net Prof. (Dr. ) Manoj K Srivastava Operations Management Area 1. The Systems Ap proach C O N T E N T S 2. 3. OM Definition Ten Critical Decisions 4. 5. The Cases 4V Typology of Operations 6. 7. Productivity Competitiveness 8. 9. Manufacturing Vs. Service? The History 10. The Future 1 Systems Approach Systems Approach Reduce wasteor enhance output 2 OM Definition What is Operations Management? What is Operations? a function or system that transforms inputs into outputs of greater valueOperations management (OM) is the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs TYPES OF TRANSFORMATIONS Physical Locational as in manufacturing operations as in transportation operations What is a Transformation Process? a series of activities along a value chain extending from supplier to customer. activities that do not add value are superfluous and should be eliminated Exchange Physiological as in retail operations as in health care What is Operations Management? esign, operation, and improvement of productive sys tems Psychological Informational as in entertainment as in communication Value Engineering / Value Analysis ? Use ? Esteem ? Time ? Place 3 What Operations Managers do? ? Service, product design.. ? Quality management ? Process, capacity design.. ? Location . Ten Critical Decisions ? Layout design .. ? Human resources, job design.. ? Supply-chain management ? Inventory management . ? Scheduling ? Maintenance . 4 The Cases Britannica StoryInvite your enemy onto the roof, then remove the ladder Sun tzu The Art of War 36 Stratagems 1988 1988-93 Britannica (Leader, 230 years experience, 1768), $1000 Microsoft encyclopedia from funk & Wagnalls encyclopedia Searchability, Multimedia, Graphics, Timeline (20 feet), cross-links, updating 1993 1995 Price $300 (cost of CD$1) (in-fact you can purchase encarta encyclopedia + a PC in Britannica price) Britannica has to jump in a business which was not its strength, Price still $1000 1997 Reduced to $125, later on free online, crashed twice In novation in Operations McDonalds Corp Olympic Flame ? ? ? Facing Increased Competition Smarter and More Demanding Customers Less Brand Loyal Switched to hamburger bun that does not require toasting. ? Customers prefer taste of new bun ? Saves time and money, QSVC Model ? ? ? ? 10,000 runners 15,000 miles through 42 states in 84 days Two years of planning Must plan for no-show runners and rush hour traffic ? Cost of this operation in the neighbourhood of $20 million Innovation in Operations Ginger Hotel BillDesk No-frills, June 2004 No room service, travel desk, swimming pool Wi-fi, Two type of room Rs. 999 and Rs. 1199, Prabhat Pani, CEO, Roots CorporationBillDesk, a property of IndiaIdeas. com Ltd. , 2000 Three Arthur Anderson Executives Third-party bill collection 25 Banks, 100 companies Just apply today. It only takes a few minutes. Once youre approved, you get your very own Zipcard. Reserve one of our cars for a couple hours or the entire Day. Do it online or use a phone. Were easy. Walk to the car, then just hold your Zipcard to the windshield. The doors will unlock, and its all yours Drive away and return to the same reserved parking spot at the end of your reservation. Its that simple. And remember, gas and insurance are included too. 5Operations typology 4V Approach Differences within sectors are often greater than the differences between sectors Financial services An account management centre at a large retail bank Financial analyst advising a client at an investment bank Furniture manufacturing Mass production of kitchen units Craft production of reproduction antique furniture Hotels Value-for-money hotel Lobby of an international luxury hotel A Typology of Operations 4 Vs Low Volume High High how many products or services are made by the operation? how many different types of products or services are made by the operation?High Variety Low High Variation in demand Low how much does the level of demand change over time? how much of the operations int ernal working are exposed to its customers? High Visibility Low Implications Low repetition Each staff member performs more of job Less systemization High unit costs Flexible Complex Match customer needs High unit costs Changing capacity Anticipation Flexibility In touch with demand High unit costs Short waiting tolerance Satisfaction governed by customer perception Customer contact skills needed Received variety is high High unit costs A Typology of Operations ImplicationsHigh repeatability Specialization Capital intensive Low unit costs Well defined Routine Standardized Regular Low unit costs Stable Routine Predictable High utilization Low unit costs Time lag between production and consumption Standardization Low contact skills High staff utilization Centralization Low unit costs Low Volume High High High Variety Low High Variation in demand Low High Visibility Low 6 Productivity Effectiveness Efficiency Productivity Types of Productivity Single Factor Productivity Output Labor Ou tput Materials Output is of quality nature Output Capital Multifactor ProductivityOutput Labor + Materials + Overheads Output Labor + Energy + Capital Total Factor Productivity Goods and Services Produced All inputs used to produce them America Wests Reverse Pyramid system This is in contrast to the approach used by many airlines of just boarding all seats starting from the back of the plane and working forward. 7 Competitiveness Competitiveness The degree to which a nation can produce goods and services that meet the test of international markets while simultaneously maintaining or expanding the real incomes of its citizens. A firm is competitive if it can produce products of superior quality or lower costs than its domestic and international competitors. (US-Presidents Commission on Industrial Competitiveness 1985, S. 6) Global Competitiveness Ranking 1. Switzerland 2. Sweden 3. Singapore 4. United States 5. Germany 6. Japan 7. Finland 8. Netherlands 9. Denmark India 51 10. Canad a China 27 Competition Within Industries Increases When ? Firms are relatively equal in size and resources ? Products and services are standardized ? Industry growth is slow or exponential Barriers to Entry ? ? Economies of scale Learning curves Capital investment Access to supply and distribution channels 8 Manufacturing vs. services Degree of Servitization Manufacturing and Service Employment Manufacturing Employment and Production Services as % of GDP Tangibility Spectrum Economic Offerings can determine prior to purchasing can only be discerned after purchase or during consumption or use customer must believe in, but cannot personally evaluate even after purchase & consumption Differences Between Goods and Services Intangibility Heterogeneity Simultaneous Perishability Production & Consumption 9 History of OM Five Eras of Operations Management Journey of Operations Management Adam Smith uge increases in productivity obtainable from technology or technological progress are possib le match human and physical capital, Division of labor Eli Whitney In 1798, received government contract to make 10,000 muskets Showed that machine tools could make standardized parts to exact specifications Musket parts could be used in any musket Significant events in operations management ? ? ? ? Division of labor Standardized parts Scientific management Coordinated assembly line (Smith (Whitney (Taylor (Ford 1776) 1800) 1881) 1913) ? ? ? Gantt charts Motion study Quality control (Gantt (Gilbreths (Shewhart 1916) 1922) 1924) 10Where are we going? Exciting New Challenges in Operations Management Changing Challenges Past Local or national focus Batch (large) shipments Causes Low-cost, reliable worldwide communication and transportation networks Cost of capital puts pressure on reducing investment in inventory Global Focus Future Just-in-time shipments Low-bid purchasing Quality emphasis requires that suppliers be engaged in product improvement Shorter life cycles, rapid internat ional communication, computer-aided design, and international collaboration Affluence and worldwide markets increasingly flexible production processes Changing sociocultural milieu.Increasingly a knowledge and information society. Environmental issues, ISO 14000, increasing disposal costs Supply-chain partners Rapid product development, alliances, collaborative designs Mass customization Empowered employees, teams, and lean production Environmentally sensitive production, Green manufacturing, recycled materials, remanufacturing Lengthy product development Standardized products Job specialization Low cost focusOperations ManagementOPERATIONS MANAGEMENT as a competitive weapon mks emailprotected ac. in http//mks507. vistapanel. net Prof. (Dr. ) Manoj K Srivastava Operations Management Area 1. The Systems Approach C O N T E N T S 2. 3. OM Definition Ten Critical Decisions 4. 5. The Cases 4V Typology of Operations 6. 7. Productivity Competitiveness 8. 9. Manufacturing Vs. Service? The H istory 10. The Future 1 Systems Approach Systems Approach Reduce wasteor enhance output 2 OM Definition What is Operations Management? What is Operations? a function or system that transforms inputs into outputs of greater valueOperations management (OM) is the set of activities that creates value in the form of goods and services by transforming inputs into outputs TYPES OF TRANSFORMATIONS Physical Locational as in manufacturing operations as in transportation operations What is a Transformation Process? a series of activities along a value chain extending from supplier to customer. activities that do not add value are superfluous and should be eliminated Exchange Physiological as in retail operations as in health care What is Operations Management? esign, operation, and improvement of productive systems Psychological Informational as in entertainment as in communication Value Engineering / Value Analysis ? Use ? Esteem ? Time ? Place 3 What Operations Managers do? ? Service, product design.. ? Quality management ? Process, capacity design.. ? Location . Ten Critical Decisions ? Layout design .. ? Human resources, job design.. ? Supply-chain management ? Inventory management . ? Scheduling ? Maintenance . 4 The Cases Britannica StoryInvite your enemy onto the roof, then remove the ladder Sun tzu The Art of War 36 Stratagems 1988 1988-93 Britannica (Leader, 230 years experience, 1768), $1000 Microsoft encyclopedia from funk & Wagnalls encyclopedia Searchability, Multimedia, Graphics, Timeline (20 feet), cross-links, updating 1993 1995 Price $300 (cost of CD$1) (in-fact you can purchase encarta encyclopedia + a PC in Britannica price) Britannica has to jump in a business which was not its strength, Price still $1000 1997 Reduced to $125, later on free online, crashed twice Innovation in Operations McDonalds Corp Olympic Flame ? ? ? Facing Increased Competition Smarter and More Demanding Customers Less Brand Loyal Switched to hamburger bun that does not require toasting. ? Customers prefer taste of new bun ? Saves time and money, QSVC Model ? ? ? ? 10,000 runners 15,000 miles through 42 states in 84 days Two years of planning Must plan for no-show runners and rush hour traffic ? Cost of this operation in the neighbourhood of $20 million Innovation in Operations Ginger Hotel BillDesk No-frills, June 2004 No room service, travel desk, swimming pool Wi-fi, Two type of room Rs. 999 and Rs. 1199, Prabhat Pani, CEO, Roots CorporationBillDesk, a property of IndiaIdeas. com Ltd. , 2000 Three Arthur Anderson Executives Third-party bill collection 25 Banks, 100 companies Just apply today. It only takes a few minutes. Once youre approved, you get your very own Zipcard. Reserve one of our cars for a couple hours or the entire Day. Do it online or use a phone. Were easy. Walk to the car, then just hold your Zipcard to the windshield. The doors will unlock, and its all yours Drive away and return to the same reserved parking spot at the end of your reservation. Its that simple. And remember, gas and insurance are included too. 5Operations typology 4V Approach Differences within sectors are often greater than the differences between sectors Financial services An account management centre at a large retail bank Financial analyst advising a client at an investment bank Furniture manufacturing Mass production of kitchen units Craft production of reproduction antique furniture Hotels Value-for-money hotel Lobby of an international luxury hotel A Typology of Operations 4 Vs Low Volume High High how many products or services are made by the operation? how many different types of products or services are made by the operation?High Variety Low High Variation in demand Low how much does the level of demand change over time? how much of the operations internal working are exposed to its customers? High Visibility Low Implications Low repetition Each staff member performs more of job Less systemization High unit costs Flexible Comple x Match customer needs High unit costs Changing capacity Anticipation Flexibility In touch with demand High unit costs Short waiting tolerance Satisfaction governed by customer perception Customer contact skills needed Received variety is high High unit costs A Typology of Operations ImplicationsHigh repeatability Specialization Capital intensive Low unit costs Well defined Routine Standardized Regular Low unit costs Stable Routine Predictable High utilization Low unit costs Time lag between production and consumption Standardization Low contact skills High staff utilization Centralization Low unit costs Low Volume High High High Variety Low High Variation in demand Low High Visibility Low 6 Productivity Effectiveness Efficiency Productivity Types of Productivity Single Factor Productivity Output Labor Output Materials Output is of quality nature Output Capital Multifactor ProductivityOutput Labor + Materials + Overheads Output Labor + Energy + Capital Total Factor Productivity Good s and Services Produced All inputs used to produce them America Wests Reverse Pyramid system This is in contrast to the approach used by many airlines of just boarding all seats starting from the back of the plane and working forward. 7 Competitiveness Competitiveness The degree to which a nation can produce goods and services that meet the test of international markets while simultaneously maintaining or expanding the real incomes of its citizens. A firm is competitive if it can produce products of superior quality or lower costs than its domestic and international competitors. (US-Presidents Commission on Industrial Competitiveness 1985, S. 6) Global Competitiveness Ranking 1. Switzerland 2. Sweden 3. Singapore 4. United States 5. Germany 6. Japan 7. Finland 8. Netherlands 9. Denmark India 51 10. Canada China 27 Competition Within Industries Increases When ? Firms are relatively equal in size and resources ? Products and services are standardized ? Industry growth is slow or expo nential Barriers to Entry ? ? Economies of scale Learning curves Capital investment Access to supply and distribution channels 8 Manufacturing vs. services Degree of Servitization Manufacturing and Service Employment Manufacturing Employment and Production Services as % of GDP Tangibility Spectrum Economic Offerings can determine prior to purchasing can only be discerned after purchase or during consumption or use customer must believe in, but cannot personally evaluate even after purchase & consumption Differences Between Goods and Services Intangibility Heterogeneity Simultaneous Perishability Production & Consumption 9 History of OM Five Eras of Operations Management Journey of Operations Management Adam Smith uge increases in productivity obtainable from technology or technological progress are possible match human and physical capital, Division of labor Eli Whitney In 1798, received government contract to make 10,000 muskets Showed that machine tools could make standardized p arts to exact specifications Musket parts could be used in any musket Significant events in operations management ? ? ? ? Division of labor Standardized parts Scientific management Coordinated assembly line (Smith (Whitney (Taylor (Ford 1776) 1800) 1881) 1913) ? ? ? Gantt charts Motion study Quality control (Gantt (Gilbreths (Shewhart 1916) 1922) 1924) 10Where are we going? Exciting New Challenges in Operations Management Changing Challenges Past Local or national focus Batch (large) shipments Causes Low-cost, reliable worldwide communication and transportation networks Cost of capital puts pressure on reducing investment in inventory Global Focus Future Just-in-time shipments Low-bid purchasing Quality emphasis requires that suppliers be engaged in product improvement Shorter life cycles, rapid international communication, computer-aided design, and international collaboration Affluence and worldwide markets increasingly flexible production processes Changing sociocultural milieu. Increasingly a knowledge and information society. Environmental issues, ISO 14000, increasing disposal costs Supply-chain partners Rapid product development, alliances, collaborative designs Mass customization Empowered employees, teams, and lean production Environmentally sensitive production, Green manufacturing, recycled materials, remanufacturing Lengthy product development Standardized products Job specialization Low cost focus

American Involvement in Ww1

institution warfare I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I there by and by, was a major war refer in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the worlds great powers, which were assembled in two argue alliances the Allies (centered on the Triple entente cordiale of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centered on the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy).These alliances both reorganized (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 jillion military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9million besiegeants were killed, largely be arouse of great technological climb ons in firepower without corresponding advances in mobility. It was the sixth deadliest conflic t in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.Long-term causes of the war included the imperialistic foreign policies of the great powers of Europe, including the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the footstool Empire, the Russian Empire, the British Empire, France, and Italy. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by a Yugoslav nationalist was the proximate trigger of the war. It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against the Kingdom of Serbia.Several alliances formed over the previous decades were invoked, so within weeks the major powers were at war via their colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world. On 28 July, the conflict opened with the Austro-Hungarian invasion of Serbia, followed by the German invasion of Belgium, Luxembourg and France and a Russian attack against Germany. After the German march on Pari s was brought to a halt, the Western Front settled into a static battle of attrition with a trench line that changed little until 1917.In the East, the Russian soldiers successfully fought against the Austro-Hungarian forces further was forced back by the German army. Additional fronts opened after the Ottoman Empire joined the war in 1914, Italy and Bulgaria in 1915 and Romania in 1916. The Russian Empire collapsed in 1917, and Russia left the war after the October Revolution later that year. After a 1918 German gloweringensive a huge the western sandwich front, United States forces entered the trenches and the Allies drove back the German armies in a series of successful offensives.Germany, which had its own trouble with revolutionaries at this point, agreed to a cease-fire on 11 November 1918, later known as Armistice Day. The war had ended in victory of the Allies. By the wars end, four major imperial powersthe German, Russian, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empireshad been mi litarily and politically defeated and ceased to exist. The successor states of the former two lost a great amount of territory, while the latter two were dismantled entirely. The occasion of central Europe was redrawn into several smaller states.The League of Nations was formed in the hope of preventing another such conflict. The European nationalism spawned by the war and the legal separation of empires, the repercussions of Germanys defeat and problems with the Treaty of Versailles are generally agreed to be factors contributing to World War II. The strategy of the Central Powers suffered from miscommunication. Germany had promised to support Austria-Hungarys invasion of Serbia, but interpretations of what this meant differed. Previously-tested de stratagemment plans had been replaced previous(predicate) in 1914, but the replacements had never been tested in exercises.Austro-Hungarian leaders believed Germany would cover its northern flank against Russia. Germany, however, envi sioned Austria-Hungary directing most of its troops against Russia, while Germany dealt with France. This sloppiness forced the Austro-Hungarian Army to divide its forces between the Russian and Serbian fronts. On 9 September 1914, the September program, a possible plan which detailed Germanys unique(predicate) war aims and the conditions that Germany sought to force on the assort Powers, was outlined by German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg.It was never officially adopted. Military tactics before World War I had failed to keep pace with advances in engineering. These advances allowed for impressive defense systems, which out-of-date military tactics could not break through for most of the war. briery wire was a significant hindrance to massed infantry advances. Artillery, vastly more lethal than in the 1870s, coupled with machine guns, made crossing open give extremely difficult. The Germans introduced poison gas it soon became used by both sides, though it never pr oved decisive in winning a battle.Its effect were brutal, causing slow and painful death, and poison g as became one of the most-feared and best-remembered horrors of the war. Commanders on both sides failed to develop tactics for breaching entrenched positions without heavy casualties. In time, however, technology began to produce new offensive weapons, such as the tank. Britain and France were its primary users the Germans employed captured Allied tanks and small numbers of their own design. After the First Battle of the Marne, both Entente and German forces began a series of outflanking maneuvers, in the so-called Race to the Sea.Britain and France soon found themselves facing entrenched German forces from Lorraine to Belgiums coast. Britain and France sought to count the offensive, while Germany defended the occupied territories consequently, German trenches were much better constructed than those of their enemy. Anglo-French trenches were only intended to be temporary before their forces broke through German defenses. Both sides tried to break the stalemate using scientific and technological advances.On 22 April 1915 at the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans (violating the Hague Convention) used chlorine gas for the first time on the Western Front. Algerian troops retreated when gassed and a six-kilometer (four-mile) hole opened in the Allied lines that the Germans quickly exploited, taking Kitcheners Wood. Canadian soldiers closed the breach at the Second Battle of Ypres. At the Third Battle of Ypres, Canadian and ANZAC troops took the village of Passchendaele. At the start of the war, the German Empire had cruisers scattered across the globe, nigh(a) of which were subsequently used to attack Allied merchant transport.The British Royal Navy systematically hunted them down, though not without some embarrassment from its softness to protect Allied shipping. For example, the German detached light cruiser SMS Emden, part of the East-Asia squadron stat ioned at Tsingtao, seized or destroyed 15 merchantmen, as well as change posture a Russian cruiser and a French destroyer. However, most of the German East-Asia squadronconsisting of the armored cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, light cruisers Nurnberg and Leipzig and two transport shipsdid not have orders to raid shipping and was instead underway to Germany when it met British warships.The German flotilla and Dresden sank two armored cruisers at the Battle of Coronel, but was almost destroyed at the Battle of the Falkland Islands in celestial latitude 1914, with only Dresden and a few auxiliaries escaping, but at the Battle of Mas a Tierra these too were destroyed or interned. Soon after the outbreak of hostilities, Britain began a marine blockade of Germany. The strategy proved effective, cutting off vital military and civilian supplies, although this blockade violated accepted international law codified by several international agreements of the past two centuries.Britain min ed international waters to prevent any ships from entering entire sections of ocean, causing danger to even unbiased ships. Since there was limited response to this tactic, Germany expected a similar response to its open submarine warfare. The 1916 Battle of Jutland (German Skagerrakschlacht, or Battle of the Skagerrak) developed into the largest oceanic battle of the war, the only full-scale clash of battlewagons during the war, and one of the largest in history. It took place on 31 May 1 June 1916, in the North Sea off Jutland.The Kaiserliche Marines High Seas Fleet, commanded by Vice Admiral Reinhard Scheer, squared off against the Royal Navys Grand Fleet, led by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe. The engagement was a cubicle off, as the Germans, outmaneuvered by the larger British fleet, managed to escape and inflicted more damage to the British fleet than they received. Strategically, however, the British asserted their control of the sea, and the bulk of the German grow fleet rem ained confined to port for the duration of the war. German U-boats attempted to cut the supply lines between North America and Britain.The nature of submarine warfare meant that attacks lots came without warning, giving the crews of the merchant ships little hope of survival. The United States launched a protest, and Germany changed its rules of engagement. After the notorious sinking of the passenger ship RMS Lusitania in 1915, Germany promised not to target passenger liners, while Britain armed its merchant ships, placing them beyond the protection of the cruiser rules which demanded warning and placing crews in a place of safety. Finally, in early 1917 Germany adopted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, realizing the Americans would eventually enter the war.Germany sought to strangle Allied sea lanes before the U. S. could transport a large army overseas, but could maintain only five long-range U-boats on station, to limited effect. The U-boat threat lessened in 1917, w hen merchant ships began travelling in convoys, escorted by destroyers. This tactic made it difficult for U-boats to find targets, which significantly lessened losses after the hydrophone and depth charges were introduced, accompanying destroyers might attack a submerged submarine with some hope of success.Convoys slowed the flow of supplies, since ships had to wait as convoys were assembled. The solution to the delays was an extensive program to build new freighters. Troopships were too fast for the submarines and did not travel the North Atlantic in convoys. The U-boats had sunk more than 5,000 Allied ships, at a cost of 199 submarines. World War I also saw the first use of aircraft carriers in combat, with HMS Furious launching Sopwith Camels in a successful raid against the Zeppelin hangars at Tondern in July 1918, as well as blimps for antisubmarine patrol.In December 1916, after ten brutal months of the Battle of Verdun and a successful offensive against Romania, the Germans a ttempted to negotiate a heartsease with the Allies. Soon after, U. S. President Woodrow Wilson attempted to put in as a peace obtainr, asking in a note for both sides to state their demands. Lloyd Georges War Cabinet considered the German offer to be a ploy to create divisions amongst the Allies. After initial outrage and much deliberation, they took Wilsons note as a separate effort, signaling that the U. S. was on the verge of entering the war against Germany quest the submarine outrages.While the Allies debated a response to Wilsons offer, the Germans chose to rebuff it in favor of a direct exchange of views. Learning of the German response, the Allied governments were disengage to make clear demands in their response of 14 January. They sought restoration of damages, the evacuation of occupied territories, reparations for France, Russia and Romania, and recognition of the principle of nationalities. This included the liberation of Italians, Slavs, Romanians, Czecho-Slovaks, a nd the creation of a free and united Poland.On the question of security, the Allies sought guarantees that would prevent or limit future wars, complete with sanctions, as a condition of any peace settlement. The negotiations failed and the Entente powers rejected the German offer, because Germany did not state any specific proposals. To Wilson, the Entente powers stated that they would not start peace negotiations until the Central powers evacuated all occupied Allied territories and provided indemnities for all damage which had been done. At the outbreak of the war the United States pursued a policy of non-intervention, avoiding conflict while trying to broker a peace.When a German U-boat sank the British liner Lusitania in 1915, with 128 Americans aboard, U. S. President Woodrow Wilson claimed that America is too proud to fight but demanded an end to attacks on passenger ships. Germany complied. Wilson unsuccessfully tried to mediate a settlement. However, he also repeatedly warne d that the U. S. A. would not tolerate unrestricted submarine warfare, in violation of international law and U. S. ideas of valet de chambre rights. Wilson was under pressure from former president Theodore Roosevelt, who denounced German acts as piracy.Wilsons desire to have a seat at negotiations at wars end to advance the League of Nations also played a role in the eventual decision to join the war. Wilsons Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, whose opinions had been ignored, resigned in 1915, as he could no prolonged support the presidents policy. Public opinion was angered at suspected German sabotage of Black Tom in Jersey City, New Jersey, and the Kingsland Explosion. In January 1917, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. The German Foreign Minister, in the Zimmermann Telegram, told Mexico that U. S. ntry was likely once unrestricted submarine warfare began, and invited Mexico to join the war as Germanys ally against the United States. In return, the Germans would send Mexico money and help it recover the territories of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona that Mexico had lost during the Mexican-American War 70years earlier. Wilson released the Zimmerman note to the public, and Americans saw it as casus belli a cause for war. After the sinking of seven U. S. merchant ships by submarines and the publication of the Zimmerman telegram, Wilson called for war on Germany, which the U. S. Congress declared on 6 April 1917.The United States was never officially a member of the Allies but became a self-styled Associated Power. The United States had a small army, but, after the passage of the Selective Service Act, it drafted 2. 8 million men, and by summer 1918 was sending 10,000 fresh soldiers to France every day. In 1917, the U. S. Congress gave U. S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans when they were drafted to participate in World War I, as part of the Jones Act. Germany had miscalculated, accept it would be many more months before American soldiers w ould arrive and that their arrival could be stopped by U-boats.The United States Navy sent a battleship group to Scapa Flow to join with the British Grand Fleet, destroyers to Queenstown, Ireland, and submarines to help guard convoys. Several regiments of U. S. Marines were also dispatched to France. The British and French wanted U. S. units used to reinforce their troops already on the battle lines and not waste scarce shipping on bringing over supplies. The U. S. rejected the first proposition and accepted the second. world(a) John J. Pershing, American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) commander, refused to break up U. S. units to be used as reinforcements for British Empire and French units.As an exception, he did allow African-American combat regiments to be used in French divisions. The Harlem Hellfighters fought as part of the French 16th Division, earning a unit Croix de Guerre for their actions at Chateau-Thierry, Belleau Wood, and Sechault. AEF doctrine called for the use of fro ntal assaults, which had long since been discarded by British Empire and French commanders because of the large loss of life. After the war, the Paris Peace Conference imposed a series of peace treaties on the Central Powers. The 1919 Treaty of Versailles officially ended the war.Building on Wilsons 14th point, the Treaty of Versailles also brought into being the League of Nations on 28 June 1919. In write the treaty, Germany acknowledged responsibility for the war, and agreed to pay enormous war reparations and award territory to the victors. The Guilt Thesis became a controversial explanation of later events among analysts in Britain and the United States. The Treaty of Versailles caused enormous bitterness in Germany, which nationalist movements, especially the Nazis, exploited with a conspiracy theory they called the Dolchstosslegende (Stab-in-the-back legend).The Weimar Republic lost the former colonial possessions and was saddled with accepting blame for the war, as well as paying punitive reparations for it. Unable to pay them with exports (as a result of territorial losses and postwar recession), Germany did so by borrowing from the United States. Runaway inflation in the 1920s contributed to the economic collapse of the Weimar Republic, and the payment of reparations was suspended in 1931 following the phone line Market Crash of 1929 and the beginnings of the Great Depression worldwide. U. S. intervention in the war, as well as the Wilson administration itself, became deeply unpopular.This was reflected in the U. S. Senates rejection of the Versailles Treaty and membership in the League of Nations. In the interwar era, a consensus arose that U. S. intervention had been a mistake, and the Congress passed laws in an attempt to preserve U. S. neutrality in any future conflict. Polls interpreted in 1937 and the opening months of World War II established that nearly 60% regarded intervention in WWI as a mistake, with only 28% opposing that view. But, in the period between the fall of France and the attack on Pearl Harbor, public opinion changed dramatically and, for

Mannerism

Manners in Todays Society Good manners suck shifted over the past generations from caring for others to pleasing ourselves. With pleasing ourselves comes a loss of respect for one(a) some other and its is a growing problem. People no all-night take time to interact with one another out-of-pocket to our fast paced high technical school lives. We be not the courteous and thoughtful people we employ to be. This research paper pull up stakes explain how our manners demand changed and why. In straight rack ups decree email, IM and schoolbook messaging is our main source of communication.This technology is slowly is touching the course we interact with one another decreasing the measurement of time in face-to-face conversation. People text while driving, then flip you off when you beep at them for not paying attention. Then you watch the people who gibber b ar loud on their cell phone in national and they throw mad at you when Join into their conversation. If they we rent talking so loud you wouldnt have conjugate in. Nowadays a simple discretion smile or hello might go unnoticed because of our inability to tactual sensation away from the cell phone, swish top or pod.Making the person who gave the smile or hello feel you were being primitive, when you were estimable preoccupied. Most of us today atomic number 18 way as well as concerned with pleasing ourselves to lend a helping hand. prop a door open for someone used to be a natural gesture, this instant its can be considered a tedious task. People are more worried about how helping someone pull up stakes affect their own life, ordain it put them a little behind schedule or somehow bother them late for a dinner? What happened to super acid courtesy and the reward of Just being able to make someone day? tv set also has a big influence on our manners can because the media gives praise to tough behavior and screw ups. Making adults, teens and baberen pretend acting bad-mannered a nd obnoxious will earn them popularity amongst friends and peers. When all it really does is make them look and sound foolish. Family talk at the dinner table is being replaced with television. Other rude behavior done at the dinner table is interrogatory or talking on the phone, this is a habit children and teens everywhere are doing and it drives most parents crazy. on that point are many theories about how we as a society let our manners get to this point.Some experts think parents are no longer teaching their children commonplace routers causing them to think it is natural to not say cheer or thank you. Others think technology is to blame. The truth of the matter is bad mannerism are beginning to have an impact on peoples life in a big way In 2002 a survey conducted by Public order of business show some shocking statistics about manners. In it, 88 per centum of respondents said they oftentimes or sometimes came across people who were rude or disrespectful, and 79 pct of t hem felt that disrespect and lack of courtesy were major problems.Furthermore, 62 percent said they were bothered a great deal by engine rudeness in public. Those are large numbers, which distinctly shows that more than half of Americans are not pleased with the current situation. Another statistic shows 81 percent of the united states admits to testing while driving while another study shows the average child will watch 8,000 murders on TV before conclusion elementary school. By age eighteen, the average American has seen 200,000 acts of forcefulness on TV, including 40,000 murders. At a meeting in Nashville, TN last July, Dry.John Nelson of the American Medical connexion (an endorser of National TV-Turnoff Week) said that if 2,888 out of 3,000 studies show that TV violence is a nonchalant factor in real-life mayhem, its a public health problem. The American Psychiatric Association addressed this problem in its sanction of National TV-Turnoff Week, stating, We have had a lon g-standing concern with the impact of television on behavior, especially among children. Having give out manners will not only make you standout in a crowd, but it will make the person receiving your thoughtful gesture feel uplifted. airsManners in Todays Society Good manners have shifted over the past generations from caring for others to pleasing ourselves. With pleasing ourselves comes a loss of respect for one another and its is a growing problem. People no longer take time to interact with one another due to our fast paced high tech lives. We are not the courteous and thoughtful people we used to be. This research paper will explain how our manners have changed and why. In todays society email, IM and text messaging is our main source of communication.This technology is slowly is affecting the way we interact with one another decreasing the amount of time in face-to-face conversation. People text while driving, then flip you off when you beep at them for not paying attention . Then you have the people who talk extra loud on their cell phone in public and they get mad at you when Join into their conversation. If they werent talking so loud you wouldnt have Joined in. Nowadays a simple courtesy smile or hello might go unnoticed because of our inability to look away from the cell phone, lap top or pod.Making the person who gave the smile or hello feel you were being rude, when you were Just preoccupied. Most of us today are way too concerned with pleasing ourselves to lend a helping hand. Holding a door open for someone used to be a natural gesture, now its can be considered a tedious task. People are more worried about how helping someone will affect their own life, will it put them a little behind schedule or somehow make them late for a dinner? What happened to common courtesy and the reward of Just being able to make someone day?Television also has a big influence on our manners can because the media gives praise to bad behavior and screw ups. Making a dults, teens and children think acting rude and obnoxious will earn them popularity amongst friends and peers. When all it really does is make them look and sound foolish. Family talk at the dinner table is being replaced with television. Other rude behavior done at the dinner table is testing or talking on the phone, this is a habit children and teens everywhere are doing and it drives most parents crazy. There are many theories about how we as a society let our manners get to this point.Some experts think parents are no longer teaching their children common routers causing them to think it is natural to not say please or thank you. Others think technology is to blame. The truth of the matter is bad mannerism are beginning to have an impact on peoples life in a big way In 2002 a survey conducted by Public agenda show some shocking statistics about manners. In it, 88 percent of respondents said they often or sometimes came across people who were rude or disrespectful, and 79 percent of them felt that disrespect and lack of courtesy were major problems.Furthermore, 62 percent said they were bothered a great deal by engine rudeness in public. Those are large numbers, which clearly shows that more than half of Americans are not pleased with the current situation. Another statistic shows 81 percent of the united states admits to testing while driving while another study shows the average child will watch 8,000 murders on TV before finishing elementary school. By age eighteen, the average American has seen 200,000 acts of violence on TV, including 40,000 murders. At a meeting in Nashville, TN last July, Dry.John Nelson of the American Medical Association (an endorser of National TV-Turnoff Week) said that if 2,888 out of 3,000 studies show that TV violence is a casual factor in real-life mayhem, its a public health problem. The American Psychiatric Association addressed this problem in its endorsement of National TV-Turnoff Week, stating, We have had a long-standi ng concern with the impact of television on behavior, especially among children. Having better manners will not only make you standout in a crowd, but it will make the person receiving your thoughtful gesture feel uplifted.MannerismManners in Todays Society Good manners have shifted over the past generations from caring for others to pleasing ourselves. With pleasing ourselves comes a loss of respect for one another and its is a growing problem. People no longer take time to interact with one another due to our fast paced high tech lives. We are not the courteous and thoughtful people we used to be. This research paper will explain how our manners have changed and why. In todays society email, IM and text messaging is our main source of communication.This technology is slowly is affecting the way we interact with one another decreasing the amount of time in face-to-face conversation. People text while driving, then flip you off when you beep at them for not paying attention. Then you have the people who talk extra loud on their cell phone in public and they get mad at you when Join into their conversation. If they werent talking so loud you wouldnt have Joined in. Nowadays a simple courtesy smile or hello might go unnoticed because of our inability to look away from the cell phone, lap top or pod.Making the person who gave the smile or hello feel you were being rude, when you were Just preoccupied. Most of us today are way too concerned with pleasing ourselves to lend a helping hand. Holding a door open for someone used to be a natural gesture, now its can be considered a tedious task. People are more worried about how helping someone will affect their own life, will it put them a little behind schedule or somehow make them late for a dinner? What happened to common courtesy and the reward of Just being able to make someone day?Television also has a big influence on our manners can because the media gives praise to bad behavior and screw ups. Making adults, teens and children think acting rude and obnoxious will earn them popularity amongst friends and peers. When all it really does is make them look and sound foolish. Family talk at the dinner table is being replaced with television. Other rude behavior done at the dinner table is testing or talking on the phone, this is a habit children and teens everywhere are doing and it drives most parents crazy. There are many theories about how we as a society let our manners get to this point.Some experts think parents are no longer teaching their children common routers causing them to think it is natural to not say please or thank you. Others think technology is to blame. The truth of the matter is bad mannerism are beginning to have an impact on peoples life in a big way In 2002 a survey conducted by Public agenda show some shocking statistics about manners. In it, 88 percent of respondents said they often or sometimes came across people who were rude or disrespectful, and 79 percent of the m felt that disrespect and lack of courtesy were major problems.Furthermore, 62 percent said they were bothered a great deal by engine rudeness in public. Those are large numbers, which clearly shows that more than half of Americans are not pleased with the current situation. Another statistic shows 81 percent of the united states admits to testing while driving while another study shows the average child will watch 8,000 murders on TV before finishing elementary school. By age eighteen, the average American has seen 200,000 acts of violence on TV, including 40,000 murders. At a meeting in Nashville, TN last July, Dry.John Nelson of the American Medical Association (an endorser of National TV-Turnoff Week) said that if 2,888 out of 3,000 studies show that TV violence is a casual factor in real-life mayhem, its a public health problem. The American Psychiatric Association addressed this problem in its endorsement of National TV-Turnoff Week, stating, We have had a long-standing conc ern with the impact of television on behavior, especially among children. Having better manners will not only make you standout in a crowd, but it will make the person receiving your thoughtful gesture feel uplifted.

Human cloning Essay

If thither was integrity technology that the world never accepted, then it will be the clone of servicemans. Just 30 hours after the news of a cloned lamb hit the streets, movements against human cloning already started forming (Pence 1998, p. 1). 90 eld after the study, a law against human cloning was already being pushed. People claimed that there is no good reason to clone humans, and yet, how can this be known when there wasnt enough time to discuss it? When the scientific community did not even have time to prove its advantages?Most of the arguments against cloning atomic number 18 philosophical in nature. It is not about scientific facts but about ethics, human nature and public policy (Pence 1998, p. 3). If we look at human cloning in an objective point of view we will realize that there are certain merits to this technology. Certainly, there are disadvantages too, but whether the disadvantages outweigh the advantages is belt up a question unresolved today. Advantages of Human Cloning Human cloning becomes a good prospect when we talk about the issue of infertility and contractable illnesses.In an article published by ScienceRay (Whatani 2008), it was mentioned that only half of the population of females are capable of gestation. Estimates show that current infertility treatments are only 10% effective (Benefits of Cloning n. d) hence, there are many couples who end up getting frustrated because of their inability to have children. With human cloning, there is no accept for the egg to be fertilized, and there is no need to find a mate, and only one parent is needed to create a child (Teachers Domain 2010).Researches show that an average person carries 8 speculative genes (Benefits of Cloning n. d). In some cases, these genes are recessive and no symptoms will appear, but there are also instances when the genes are inherited by the children and they become dominant traits. Downs syndrome and Tay Sachs disease are just two genic illnesses which can be inherited if reproduction is left to natural means. Though human cloning, parents can choose which genes their children will inherit, thereby allowing them to get rid of the defective genes.Another advantage of cloning is that it is now possible to create organs which can be used for transplants (The Advantages of Cloning n. d). People with liver and kidney trouble no longer need to wait for a donor to get a transplant. People suffering from leukemia can get cloned marrow. Scientists will be able to hit effective therapy for cystic fibrosis if only they are allowed to test the technology for human cloning. Lastly, cloning will allow medical professionals to understand how cells differentiate and become crabby person cells, thereby allowing the creation of a cure for the disease.Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction In several researches conducted (Science Daily 2006 Treisman 1976 Williams and Mitton 1973) it was discovered that sexual reproduction allows populations to adapt to their environment ameliorate because they are able to resist harmful mutations. Yet, sexually transmitted diseases are already so widespread that sex has become risky. Also, sexual reproduction has its cost wherein the female carry most of the burden, a situation called as the two-fold costs of sex (Science Daily 2006).In his study, Ricardo Azevedo says that in order to overcome the two-fold cost of sex, two things must be true The production rate of harmful mutations must be relatively high, such that each individual acquires on average one or more(prenominal) harmful germline mutations not inherited from its parents. The second is that these harmful mutations must interact in a special way, called negative epistasis, such that adding more and more harmful mutations makes you progressively worse off (Science Daily 2006). This means that in order for genetic illnesses and harmful mutations to become extinct, these two conditions must slay place.Needless to say, there are no s tudies which show how prevalent negative epistasis is in nature, hence the extinction of genetic illnesses and mutations are purely by chance. With the world becoming even more chaotic because of the discovery of new incurable diseases and the rapidly degrading environment, there is a big possibility that the endurance of humankind may need to rely with artificial means. With human cloning, it is now possible to create a healthier, if not a better race of individuals who are more resistant to mutations and have lesser diseases to endure (Phil for Humanity n. d).

Nurse’s Professional Image

Over the years, the nursing employment has faced an image overhaul that concretely defined her role in the society. The nurse resemblings which exude the most identifiable mark of the profession in the health sector and the society have also faced alterations that greatly prompt the publics perception of nurses. In an exhibit at the Philadelphias Fabric Workshop, umpteen conclude that nurses are no longer identifiable with the profession.The modern transitions that constantly evolved to define her busy role has brought forth an identity crisis that even patients, family members, otherwise health headmasters and workers have difficulty labeling her role in the health alimony backdrop. This transition was highly observed in the last two decades as nurses have found the ease in wearing casual and sometime ablaze uniform attire (Harrion, 200141)(Houweling, 200442). The identity of the white uniform became lost as nurses prefer the comfort and ease of the scrub uniforms (Houwel ing, 200440).In the past decades, the nurse in a white uniform communicated a professional confidence brought about by the competency of her job and training. The nurses punk was also the cognise distinguishing mark that respectable nurses wore based on Florence Nightingales 1874 model(Dodd,20057).To look back, the earliest uniforms focused more on functionality and feminine virtue and were more or less associated with the religious orders and military nursing groups (Ellis and Harley, 2004 185).The propriety of wearing a cap also followed uniformity as a respectable way for women to give and be distinguished at the institution. The early uniforms were long, starched long sleeves with detachable collars and cuff that included a cape that could be worn during the winter months (Houweling, 200441). By the conclusion of the 19th century, the functional white dress was adapted that catered to the evolution of pantsuits in the 60s. The traditional nurse uniform has existed in many v ariants from the dress, apron and cap yet the basic style has remained recognizable in many years (Hallam, 41).In the late 60s, psychiatric nurses pushed against the white uniform in their setting and were finally allowed to wear street clothes in the 1970s. In the 1980s, many hospitals no longer required nurses to wear the nursing cap given their grow nursing roles (Ellis, Hartley & Love 184). Harrion explained that the cap discourages the men from entering the profession and the cap is identified with a handmaiden mark attached to it which is contradicted as male nurses were incredible forced to wear the nurses cap, this status was reserved for the female nurses.Another insistence is that the cap was quite hard to keep clean which is again contradicted merely by the fact that starched caps can be dry cleaned. Even the nursing pin which was a significant mark and a coat of arms of the nursing profession has lost its appeal. Contemporary nurses are now reduced to wearing comfortab le scrubs that were once limited to the specialty areas such as the CCU, ICU and ER where practicality is an issue.In Japan, nurses were once kimono clad and appeared like the under-maid types to keep their tradition alive (Takahashi, 2004 4). Stimulated by the womens position in the western society, the western invention of the profession gained popular adherence as the white uniform was adapted for all Japanese nurses in the health service (Takahashi5).This process faced grandstanding as Japanese doctors trained Europe pushed for the adoption of the white uniform among the Japanese nurses in an effort to positively uplift and identify the professional nurse. After many years of retaining their traditional garb, Japan soon realized that issues of hygiene and practicality were at stake. Further they were able to realize and understand that the nursing uniform embodies probity and faithfulness that is needed to overhaul the image of the female workers in Japan.Today, the nursing pr ofession is again facing major upheavals that de-emphasize the purity of the standard white uniform in favor of the comfortable scrubs. This is a dilemma that nurses face in a work setting where many other caregivers wear the same garb. Patients and other health workers have trouble identifying the nurse from the rest of the ordinary caregivers. The public image of the nursing profession is suffering as the effort to communicate the place of the profession is diminishing. Mangum, Garrison, Lind, Thackeray and Wyatt once recommend that nurses wear clothing that clearly distinguish them as professional nurses (Ellis, Hartley & Love, 2004 184).Others believed that the white standard uniform exudes causality and authority compared to the tousled and disordered appearance of the colorful scrubs. Despite the many images equated with the profession and the medias continued assault on the appearance of nurses there is an immediate need to vamp up the current attire. White according to most nurses touchs sanitation and cleanliness they could be tailored and modified to enhance the figure using a fine material with insignias that could denote rank and position would give power and authority over the other ordinary caregivers in the health institution. Given the physical exertion of the profession, the cap energy pose to be too unrealistic.This could prove to be more amenable rather than seeing professional nurses around the hospital garbed in attire that are commonly worn by the orderlies. This is an image problem and physicians would probably like to see nurses in uniforms of power rather than in rumpled an colored attires dressed like ordinary orderlies. The uniform is what makes nurses look good and present a professional appearance.When one wears costumes that convey their attributes, virtues and training, the patient sees the nurse as soulfulness he can trust along with his physician. Wearing a well-tailored uniform and displaying the nursing pin helps nurs es from being belittled by patients and their families. Nurses give up their power and authority as a profession when not dressed uniformly and loose their self-esteem when viewed ordinarily (Masters, 2005130). The uniform identifies the specific and unique place that professional nurses have in the health care system (Masters, 2005112).Thus, if nurses wish for doctors to treat them as colleagues in healthcare, society to acknowledge them as authorities, and to be paid as the profession deserves, the professional image should be insisted. Therefore if one wishes to be treated as a ministering angel (Hallam 133) or as a professional and as a privileged individual, the professional appearance must portray a positive public image (Dodd, 2005 6).Works CitedHallam, Julia. Nursing the mountain range Media, Image and Professional Identity. Routledge.Masters, Kathleen. (2005). Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Ellis, Janice Rider and Hartley, Love, Celia. (2004). Nursing in todays World Challenges, Issues and Trends. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.Takahashi, Aya. (2004). The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession Adopting and Adapting Western Influences. Routledge.Harrion, Lois. (20010. Professional Practical/Vocational Nursing. Thomson Delmar Learning.Houweling, Lynn. (2004, April). Image, Function, and Style A history of the nursing uniform. American Journal of Nursing, 104, 4. p. 40 48Dodd, Elizabeth, Bates, C., Rousseau, N. (eds). (2005). On All Frontiers Four Centuries of Canadian Nursing. Ottawa University of Ottawa.

How Technology Affects the Business Environment Essay

During the last carbon, the world has been through a technological revolution. We give in some years moved from cosmos a world where it could take months to receive a message, to being a world where it takes microseconds. Within most industries, engineering science is a very important circumstanceor to succeed. Especially in certain industries, like energy, transport and monetary services, technological innovations have been vital to make those industries develop into what they ar today. Companies are always struggling to acquire better technology, so that they in a more efficient way can produce their products or consume out their services.It is therefore important for companies to keep an eye on new technological innovations. The technological elements of the external environment are a part of the LoNGPEST analysis, which is being used to scan a firms environment, so it in a best possible way can adopt to it. In this essay, I will exertion to explain how technology has be en a vital ground for the globalization, and how it has made the world more efficient. There is no doubt that the development of information and communications technology is one of the causes for globalization. The table below shows the reduction in communicating and travelling prices.According to the table, the price of a 3 minutes phone call have been reduced by 98,6%. The reduction in air transport costs per mile is 74%. There is no doubt that such reductions encourage companies to billow geographicalally. In addition, the rapid growth of the cyberspace has made it possible to share information with the rest of the world in microseconds. Eric Samuels states that one of the industries that has grown because of information technology is the financial service industry. He states that delivery of services has become more efficient because of the application of technology. What he is saying, is that the financial services provided are being do more effective and at a lower cost than before. By using the internet, companies can reach out to the whole world without spending a pound. In addition to claim that the financial service industry has grown due to the information technology, Dr. Nicolas Pologeorgis as well states that the industry, since 1998, has gone through a rapid geographic expansion.This especially applies to wealthy nations, like countries from Europe and USA. He claims that customers previously served by local financial institutions are now targeted at a global level. Dr. Pologeorgis believes that one of the reasons for this, besides deregulation and more trading between countries, is the information technology. function like ATMs and websites is being used to develop a more efficient kinship between long distance customers and suppliers. A study about globalization of the banking industry, states that improvements in technology have facilitated greater geographic reach by allowing institutions to neck larger information flows from more l ocations and to evaluate and manage risks at lower cost without being geographically close to the customer.One font of a federation from this industry that expanded geographically in the 90s is Goldman Sachs (GS). I 1990, Robert Ruding and Stephen Friedman decided to focus on GS global operations. During the 1990s, GS went through a rapid geographical expansion. Today, GS has offices located in all major financial centres around the world. I have made a comparison between the growth in the financial service sector and the use of internet worldwide. It was in the 90s that the internet use exploded. In 1995, 16 million people were connected to the internet (0,4 of world population). The table below shows that the use of internet exploded about the same time that the financial service industry, according to Pologeorgis, really started expanding geographically.However, it is not only if the improvements in communication and information technology that has contributed to a more effici ent and globalized world. Another industry that has been affected by improvements in technology the last century is the oil color and gas industry. An article made by naturalgas states that new innovations have reshaped the industry into a technological leader9. A report made by the U.S. segment of energy in 1999 shows that if technology had stagnated in 1985, America would have needed twice as many wells to produce the same amount of oil and gas. However, because of technological improvement, we only need half as many wells to produce the same amount in 1999. In 1999, the America used 22 000 less wells to produce the same amount as they did in 1985.A statistical review of world energy made by BP illustrates how much oil and natural gas that has been produced in each country and worldwide from 1965-2010. Worldwide, the total development of oil has change magnitude from 31,806,000 lay daily in 1965, to 82,095,000 barrels daily in 2010. The development of oil has increased from 96,9 billion boxy feet daily in 1970, to 309 billion cubic feet daily in 2010. The main reason to the increase in production is off course the growing demand, but according to naturalgas it would have been impossible without the improvement in our technology. Consumption of oil increased from 30,783,000 daily in 1965 to 87,382,000 barrels daily in 2010 and usance of gas increased from 63 billion cubic feet daily in 1965 to 306,6 billion cubic feet daily in 2010.Another industry that has developed because of new technology is the nuclear industry. Numbers taken from NEI shows that 13,5 of the worlds electricity production IN 2010, was provided by nuclear power. Furthermore, NEI states that in total, 15 countries relied on nuclear energy to supply at least one-quarter of their total electricity. According to NEI, one example of a country that is dependent of nuclear energy is France. 74,1 percent of the energy produced in France was generated through nuclear energy. The statistical review published by BP, shows that the consumption of electricity generated from nuclear power has increased tremendously since 1965.In 1965 the global consumption of terra hours has increased from 25,7 in 1965 to 2767,2 terra hours in 2010. FINN UT OM DAILY In this essay, I have tried to show how technology has been a vital part of both the globalization and the development of a more efficient world. I have found that information and communication technology has been important for globalization. Lower costs of travelling and communicating overseas encourage people to expand geographically. In addition, the fact that use of internet has developed into a common thing, especially in developed countries, makes customers able to do services that they could not do before. My essay also shows how the oil and gas industry have become more efficient, and how the nuclear industry has grown due to technological improvements.Reference listDepartment for seam Enterprise & Regulatory Reform (20 08) Globalisation and the changing UK economy, page 3 online. visible(prenominal) from http//www.bis.gov.uk/files/file44332.pdf accessed at 22.11.2011. British Petroleum (2011) Historical data online. Available fromhttp//www.bp.com/sectionbodycopy.do?categoryId=7500&contentId=7068481 (then snatch on historical data) Accessed at 23.11.2011.U.S. Department of energy (1999) Environmental benefits of advance oil and exploration and production technology online. Available from http//www.fe.doe.gov/programs/oilgas/publications/environ_benefits/4envben.pdf Accessed at 22.11.2011.U.S. Department of elan vitalhttp//www.fe.doe.gov/programs/oilgas/publications/environ_benefits/3innov.pdfFunding Universe, The Goldman Sachs group INC online. Available from http//www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/The-Goldman-Sachs-Group-Inc-Company-History.html Accessed at 22.11.2011.Goldman Sachs (2011), who we are at a glance online. Available from http//www2.goldmansachs.com/who-we-are/at-a-glance/ index.html Accessed at 22.11.2011.Internet World Stats (2008), internet growth statistics online. Available fromhttp//www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm Accessed at 21.11.2011.Internet World Stats (March 31, 2011), internet usage statistics online. Available from http//www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm Accessed at 21.11.2011.Dr. Nicolas Pologeorgis (2009), The Globalization of Financial Services online. Available from http//www.investopedia.com/articles/financial-theory/09/risk-free-rate-return.aspixzz1eNeBhksO Accessed at 20.11.2011.Eric Samuels (2011), Marketing of Financial Services online. Available from http//www.measurethat.com/?cat=5 Accessed at 20.11.2011. NaturalGas (2010), Natural Gas and Technology online. Available from http//www.naturalgas.org/environment/technology.asp Accessed at 22.11.2011.Nuclear Energy convey (2011), world statistics, nuclear energy around the world online. Available from http//www.nei.org/resourcesandstats/nuclear_statistics/worldstatis tics/ Accessed at 22.11.2011.Wall Street Journal (2010), A Brief History of Goldman Sachs online. Available from http//online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704671904575193780425970078.html Accessed at 21.11.2011Allen N. Berger, Qinglei Dai, Steven Ongen, David C. Smith (2002) To What Extent Will the Banking Industry be Globalized?A Study of Bank Nationality and Reach in 20 European Nations, page 3 online Available from http//siteresources.worldbank.org/INTFR/Resources/banking_industry_globalization.pdf Accessed at 22.11.2011.