Gender Roles in the novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker Essay

Gender Roles in the novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker - Essay Example The entire story of the book is told through the narration of Celie, the protagonist, who undergoes several troubles during her early childhood before being sold by the name of marriage. Struggling through her dark past, where she is violently raped by her perverted stepfather, she goes through another doomed phase in her life. She gets severely beaten up every day by her husband, who also refuses to inform Celie about the letters from her sister Nettie. Still, Celie goes through all these torments and comes out as a winner at the end of the story. The book is a story about the progress of the will of a woman to counter all the struggles she faces in life, a display of power of friendship and faith in motivating a person and, delivering the message of happiness that one gets by being self-satisfied. The Color Purple, during its time of release, created a flurry of arguments about the themes written about in the story. One of the major themes that drew many of the critics’ attention was the theme of gender roles. Although, Walker had established the default characteristics of men and women in the book, there was this subtle element of versatility present in each and every character of the book that completely abolishes any notions of traditional qualities that were displayed through these roles. Some of the examples that could be given for this change include the change of thought process in the minds of Albert, Celie’s husband and in the submissive role played by his brother, who is unable to bring his wife under control and as a result, gets to work under his wife. The representation of unconventional treatment of the gender can be first viewed through the role of Mr.__________, as introduced by Celie and commonly known to everyone as Albert. Albert, having lost his first wife, looks out for a second wife to assist him and his children. Having known to everyone has an unpopular girl, Celie

Conformity Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Conformity Assessment - Research Paper Example Conformity assessment is a comprehensive term defined as â€Å"measures taken by manufacturers, their customers, regulatory authorities, and independent, third parties to assess conformity to standards† . Similarly, the joint ISO/IEC 17000, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) defines the term as â€Å"a demonstration that specified requirements relating to a process, system, person or body are fulfilled† . However, ISO itself does not undertake such work. Conformity assessment and standardization differ from each other, although they are closely related. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), though established by the United Nations, is a key non-governmental institution. It supports the progress of industrialization, as well as regulates production and consumption . Conformity assessment and standardization need to be mutually supportive in order to promote economic growth and sustainable development . Conformity Assessment and the International Organization of Standardization (ISO) are considered to be at opposite ends of the technical infrastructure business . Manufacturers frequently have their own internal testing sytems to ensure that their work meets the required standard. However, in the private economy, increasingly there is third-party certification of inspection. â€Å"In fact, many national standard setting bodies now make such third-party certification a major part of their own business† . The national bodies provide â€Å"accreditation† certification on the qualification and eligibility of third-party inspectors to do their job. While ISO neither accredits nor certifies, ISO members â€Å"certify the certifiers†.

Theories of Motivation Essay Example for Free

Theories of Motivation Essay How do these theories of motivation compare and contrast with ideas you read about management in Unit 1 or in MDA 3, e.g., how do they relate to Fordist and Taylorist approaches? Do they relate to these approaches? McGregor management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X managers assumes that the average human being has an inherit dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. Theory Y managers assumes employees can exercise self-direction, accept responsibility and consider work to be as natural as rest or play. I would consider that Taylor theories fall under theory X. Taylor’s belief that there is no question that the tendency of the average man is toward working slow that soldiering was a result of natural instinct and the value he placed on monetary motivation seems to conform to McGregors Theory X. However Taylor’s theory differs from Theory X in its belief that workers are not fulfilled solely with monetary rewards. With Herzbergs motivation-hygiene theory it classifies the factors needed to motivate people into two categories: hygiene factors and motivating factors, Herzbergs motivators idea corresponds with Maslows Esteem and Self-Actualization needs i.e. they both have the same criteria (recognition, growth, achievement etc).Both theories are influenced by environmental conditions, employee attitudes and as a result, their motivation. But Maslow says that each stage of the 5 must be fully or largely completed before advancing to the next stage however, Herzberg suggested that there were only 2 stages (hygiene and motivators) i nstead of 5. How do the ideas in the reading help you to think about your own management style and ways to manage people in your team or work group? Having reviewed the different theories it is easy to see that there are many different ways to motivate staff. I think motivation is important because even at the most basic level, it costs more to replace staff than to keep them. I also see that I need to use different styles of motivation depending on the member of staff I am dealing with. Staff liked to feel needed and respected and keeping them happy means theyll stay with you for much longer. Using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs I try to prioritize the needs of employees as a  person will want certain needs to be satisfied before others. The hierarchy of needs will help determine whats motivating an employee, and what needs to be addressed. Looking at Herzberg, I think a lot of the traditional benefits in terms of healthcare, cars and holidays, are much more hygiene factors. They are what people look for when they are making an assessment about the competitiveness of employment from one organization to another. In other words, employees might come to expect benefits that typically fit into a package and therefore may fail to be motivated after a time. What about your own motivations – do any of these ideas and approaches ring especially true in relation to your own experiences? I can probably relate to Herzbergs theory of motivation the most, factors such as company policy, supervision, interpersonal relations, working conditions, and salary are no longer motivators to me. The absence of these ‘hygiene factors’ may sometimes create job dissatisfaction, but their presence does not motivate me. In contrast, the motivators that are particularly strong determiners of job satisfaction for me are: achievement, recognition and the work itself. I need any new project to be a sufficient challenge to keep me motivated.

The American Anti Slavery Society History Essay

The American Anti Slavery Society History Essay Talking about the Abolitionism in the USA and social, psychological and organizational mechanisms that made it possible we should learn a lot of conformed to this theme literature in order to understand all the difficulties. However, this definition is not new, each of us, at least, once has heard it. For a long time people are committing crimes. Even ancient humanity understood the importance of existence of some kind of law, which can protect people from crimes, prevent them and forbid actions dangerous to others. Nowadays it calls law. For a very long time now, laws were made in order to realize self-protection, thus stronger people could have done anything they want with weaker men. Time passed, obviously, society progressed, improved and transformed. The need for law is an approved fact. However, it could not protect us from everything. Unfortunately, we are none of us always good and we all (at least once at life) do bad things. Now it is obvious to everyone that, to make law succeed and stop the crimes, there must be rules, which we must follow, not ignore. Of course, laws we have, are not perfect and sometimes even contradictory, however we are better off with such laws, than if we had none at all. However, even the law could not stop and prevent the Slavery, Genocide and Wars. To be honest, to understand all details of history process, we must study it separately. Only in this case there is a possibility that in the end of studying we will catch the whole idea and the main standpoints. The abolition is the movement being struggle the freedom of slavery. I will try to explain you as well as it is possible, through out this writing. The development and expansion of the abolition The first call to abolition slavery in USA took place in 1688. In 1838 1870, the abolition occupied the whole world. The British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society (BFASS) were created to struggle for the slavery destroys. Then in 1840 the first World Anti-Slavery Convention in London appeared, there were even women, who wanted to fight for rights and freedoms. In 1850 this organization numbered even more women then men. The article named African Slavery in America written in 1775 by Thomas Paine was seemed to be the first one, which advocated abolishing slavery and giving the freedom to the slaves in the United States of America. Blue has stated that the American Anti-Slavery Society was established in 1833, but abolitionist sentiment antedated the republic. For example, the charter of Georgia prohibited slavery, and many of its settlers fought a losing battle against allowing it in the colony (113). Literature started talking about abolitionism in 1820. Abolition is said to be total and immediate. It must be abolished the slavery of the whole USA. According to Gellman, American abolitionism began very early, well before the United States was founded as a nation. Although excellent studies of the abolition movement exist, further research in the Librarys manuscripts could document the lesser-known individuals who formed the movements core. Other promising topics include the roles of women and black abolitionists and the activities of state and local abolitionist societies (43). 1 January 1863 donated the Emancipation Proclamation to American people, after this event abolitionists movement did not stop to fight for freedoms and rights of slaves, especially for black Americans. The passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which occurred in 1865, actually finished slavery in the United States of America. Talking about abolitionists, should be mentioned that 2 women played maybe the bigger role in the struggling for the freedom of slaves then men. Thus, I think it will be appropriately to tell about womens suffrage movement, which cont inued the abolition campaign. Womens suffrage movement: 1866-1903 What the womens suffrage movement is and who started it? It is the womens right to vote. Chafe stated that it includes, however, the economic and political reform movement aimed at extending suffrage to women, on an equal basis to those for men and without any restrictions or qualifications such as property ownership, payment of tax or marital status (page 34). It is obvious, that this movement started in the 19th century, while the west of the United States was open and divided into vast territories. I think the suffrage movement must have been started much earlier, because women were gaining knowledge and receiving education on the same level as men were. Women became participants of reform movements and they take increased interest in politics. Thus, one question appeared and troubled minds of people: why do women and men are not the same in rights, especially in vote right? Consequently, the movement started. The one of the most active womens were being involved in suffrage movement was Elizabeth Cady Stanton, including Lucretia Mott, who issued a call for a convention concerning the rights of women. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was also the principal author of the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments based it on the form of the United States Declaration of Independence. The seventy-year struggle by women to secure the right to vote began in July. Stanton was a social activist and abolitionist in United States of America; she was also the leader of the early suffrage movement. The declaration Stanton created is often credited with initiating the first organized womans rights in USA. She is definitely the most effective activist in fighting for win property rights and freedoms for married women. The divorce laws were liberalized thanks to her actions. Such important reforms allow women to leave marriages, which seemed to be abusive of the children, the wife, and the economic familys condition. Conclusion In conclusion, the inference let us summarize and sum up all the information we are going to discuss. New approaches in learning such events, I believe, will give advantages and privileges in the whole system of understanding the history events, and will help people to be adapted to the life better, than now. The slavery and discrimination have been almost overcome in modern society. The Suffrage Womens Movement solved many problems of womens discrimination. Elizabeth Cady Stanton is definitely important and significant in the history of womens rights and independence. Such person should not be forgotten. The problems, which are highlighted in this project, have worried society for many years and the lightest minds of humanity were solving them. In order not to lost in thoughts they summarized, analyzed and put in some order all the information they have had. Nowadays, it is easy to find needed information. To decide what place this theme occurs in your life and your mind you should only think about it. The abolitionists did lot of work, they struggled for the rights and freedoms of slaves from all over the world. They succeed. Nowadays slavery is destroyed and people are free.

The Curious Incident Of The Dog In The Night Time Essay -- Mark Haddon

In Mark Haddon's contemporary novel, "The curious incident of the dog in the Night-Time", the protagonist, Christopher Boone, does seem completely unsuited to narrating a novel, as he takes on his authorial voice, thus demonstrating symptoms of his disability, 'Asperger's Syndrome.' This is a syndrome that enables him to see the world only through his limited perspective, which is closed, frightened and disorientated - which results in his fear of, and inability to understand the perplexing world of people's emotions. His description of events can be somewhat unreliable as he is unable to see the real truths that lie before him. As he narrates, readers are confronted with his peculiarities - whether it is not liking to be touched, his fear of germs, strangers and crowds to his inability to eat foods with particular colors. However, through Christopher's authorial voice, his description of events in his life, and in particular, his description of his oddities those seem completely 'no rmal' to him, make him an interesting and fascinating narrator. As he can be proven to be an unreliable narrator as he is incapable of lying (and understanding lies) and this limits his ability to perceive the full reality of the world, thus providing him with a strange combination of credibility and unbelievability. Again, this is what makes him a wonderful narrator - at times readers can mistrust his interpretation of such events, or they can believe him. As the novel progresses, Christopher takes his audience onboard his personal journey, and explicates his phobias to us, whether they be 'not liking yellow things or brown things' and 'refusing to touch yellow things or brown things', 'not eating food if different sorts of food are touching' each o... ...ic at the same time which is uncomfortable and confusing...It is like three people trying to talk to you at the same time about different things'. Christopher turns into a wonderful narrator through this device as he introduces us to a syndrome which we find alters all perspective of a person's life. Laughter, something many of us take for granted, sadly isn't really experienced by Christopher, another reason as to why readers would empathize with him, as the only enjoyment he would attain out of life would be on the notions of Mathematics and Science. Therefore, we learn to admire and empathize with him because of his intellectual brilliance and his courage, evident through his detective sleuthing he undertakes to seek his mother. We see how this syndrome alters all perspectives of a person's life; however, we also see how he faces his demons to find the truth.

Digital Art and its Market :: Technology Essays

Digital Art and its Market missing works cited The future of digital art promises many new alternatives to traditional artwork. Digital art offers a whole new perspective on the way people see and perceive art. For this reason, people across the globe have varying opinions on whether or not digital art should be accepted into society. This technological based art allows people to express themselves through art created using a computer. People who can’t draw traditionally can turn to digital art as a way to convey their inner thoughts and feelings. Likewise, more advanced artist can sell their extremely realistic pieces from hundreds to thousands of dollars each. New and exciting advances are coming about when it comes to displaying digital art, and this may strengthen its market it the long run. Digital art although extremely controversial, provides a new way of expression and allows for a whole new market to evolve. The value of digital art pieces is steadily increasing throughout the years. In 1998 the value of the digital fine art prints reached over 170 million dollars, and by 2003 the number was predicting to be at 249 million (Williams). This figure is only based on work produced by artists, and there are many at amateur levels creating art at home. This is a huge amount of money that is being invested into this new form of art. Digital art is still at its early years, and like a young child it still will mature more and more. Digital Art still remains experimental too in many ways. It’s taught in art schools, but no one really has a firm grasp of what it actually is (qtd. in Jesdanun). As long as technology plays a stronger role in our lives, artists will continue to use it to help them come up with new ideas for their artwork. Golan Levin, a man who works artistically with computers often says that â€Å"The computer is just as much a medium of art,† contrary to those who believe the computer is not. It may not be panting, carving or sculpting the old-fashioned way, but it takes just as much knowledge and intelligence to be able to work with the computer to create a finished product. Artists have been exploring digital art since the 1960s, but only in the past few years has it become widely practical because of better technology and prices (qtd.

Theater Review: No Child

In 2001 President George W. Bush proposed the No Child Left behind Act which forced schools to take action with the below average test scores. Due to this act schools are required to have their students take tests and have a certain percentage increase in grades every year otherwise there would be consequences from a school being labeled as a needing improvement to the extreme of having it privately run or shut down. The play â€Å"No Child† written by Nilaja Sun acts as a direct commentary for the need of the No Child Left behind Act. In this play the characters and their actions have such a strong correlation to the real problems that students in under privileged societies in America face as well as the need for reform in the education department. (No Child Left Behind) The setting of the play is the school that seems unfit for children to be going to receive an education. The janitor describes the school â€Å"The building fallin apart, paint chipping, water damage, a whole in the fourth floor ceiling that aint been fixed since 87, all the bathrooms on the third floor, they all broke. The school is also described by the janitor as having â€Å"one hundred thousand dollars' worth of security system which includes two metal detecting machines, seven metal detecting wands, five school guards and three NYC police officers. All armed†. (Sun 5) These descriptions of the school itself appear that education is not the primary focus of the leadership in the school district. It seems that the funding that the school is being given is not being utilized to its full potential for the benefit of the student's education. In public schools across the nation this is the actual setting of how the school can be described. With the No Child Left Behind act schools are pushed to make education the primary focus in order to give students an equal chance at life afterwards. (No Child Left Behind) As stated earlier the characters have a strong correlation to students and educators in real life. Being a teacher is described as being â€Å"underpaid, unappreciated, and underpaid job in this crazy universe. (Sun 6) The tenth grade class in this play is group of disrespectful, hopeless kids that are just pushed around all day and treated as if they are convicts themselves. It seems that in this story every person who is in a position to make a positive change whether it be the parents or the teachers push it off on someone else to do. The first teacher that the audience encounters is a woman named Ms. Tam who is underpaid and unappreciated as well as blatantly disrespected by her students and has no control over them. It gets to the point that Ms. Tam actually ends up leaving because she cannot handle the students. Prior to the No Child Left Behind act new teachers were only required to have bachelor's degree, be fully certified and to have a subject matter knowledge generally through tests. After the act was implemented, the standards for all teachers were required to be highly qualified which is different in every state regardless if they are new or have reached their tenure. The act also makes it so the teacher's salary could be raised or dropped depending on how the students performed on their tests. By doing this teachers are required to take responsibility for their students which requires them to go above the bare minimum. (No Child Left Behind) The next teacher that the audience sees interaction with between the students is Ms. Sun. Right off the bat the audience sees that she is someone that not only cares about what she is teaching but about the students that she is teaching. She lays down rules about being in class on time, eating in class and being respectful to everyone. She gets the students to actually care and want to take part of the play that she was hired to be in charge of a play that the students previously scoffed at. By getting the students to take part of the play actually gives them a greater hope for their future that they don't have to end up hopeless, a characteristic that society has already label them as being. These are the teachers that the No Child Left behind act is instituting, teachers that have the ability to push their students to have an equal chance that privileged and well educated students have. Ms. Sun is not here to do the bare minimum required; she is here to make a change in students who just need guidance. (No Child Left Behind) The students are probably the most important characters in this play in correlation to the No Child Left Behind act. The audience gets to see the transformation that begins to take place in the students after a teacher who goes above and beyond what her peers are doing with their students. In the beginning of the play the students proudly characterize themselves as the worst class ever. Mrs. Kennedy later on refutes this claim by saying, â€Å"Look, I understand that they consider themselves the worst class in school. News Flash – they're not even close. (Sun 21) It is this statement that the audience can understand that although this class is pretty horrible there are worse classes which shows that it is the school as a whole that is failing at their job. Towards the end of the play the students have done a complete 180. Not only are they wanting to take part of the play but they are doing what they need to for class such as showing up on time, not eating in class and not being disruptive. One of the students who were initially the leader of not doing the play actually says that he is looking forward to taking part of it next year. All that it took was a determination of the teacher to push past the expectations of failure of these students and found a way to reach them. At the end of the play instead of every student being a failure as originally thought some go on to Harvard while others make proud livings for themselves. The play was a strong motivator that provoked emotion and the responsibility to help the cause. The play was more than direct commentary in one's opinion, and more a piece of propaganda to move the audience to join the fight. The play shows the horrors of reality and a resolution that leaves the children and audience with hope. The bottom line is to show the audience that these children are not hopeless or lost causes and they need people to have hope and believe their fate is not sealed with the circumstances they were born into.